60 DESCRIPTIVE BOTANT. 



Var. bicolor, Pursh. Varies from the above description, in having the two 

 upper petals deep violet, presenting a velvety appearance ; the others light- 

 blue, with yellow at their bases, resembling the V. tricolor, or pansy. 



Geography. — Canada to Florida, and west to 111. In southern exposures 

 of sandy woodsides. 



11. V. primulaefolia, L. (Primrose-leaved Violet.) Smooth, varying from cor- 

 date, broad ovate, to lanceolate, tapering into a winged petiole, slightly repand 

 or crenate ; when growing in dry places sparingly pubescent ; sepals lanceolate ; 

 stigma beaked. Flowers white, sometimes striped with purple streaks, slightly 

 odorous ; petals slightly bearded, especially the lateral ones. April to July. 

 Wet meadows ; growing with V. lanceolata and V. blanda, and seems to be a 

 connecting link between them. Specimens sometimes seem to possess the 

 characteristics of both. Dr. Beck suggests that it may be identical Avith 

 V. lanceolata, but the author's observations do not lead him to that conclusion. 

 It seems more like a variety of V. blanda ; its flowers are odorous like V. 

 blanda, and its foliage more nearly approaches that of V. blanda than of 

 V. lanceolata, 4 to 6 inches high. 



Geography. — Found in the Atlantic States, and west to Tennessee ; in damp 

 grounds. 



12. V. pubescens. Ait. (Downy YeUow Violet.) Stem 6 to 12 inches high, 

 somewhat angular, erect, softly pubescent. Leaves broadly heart-shaped, 

 dentate, acuminate ; stipules large, ovate, sparingly toothed. Flowers middle- 

 sized, yellow, lateral ; petals slightly bearded, lower ones striped with dark 

 purple ; spur very short. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, axillary, solitary, 

 furnished with 2 awl-shaped bracts. May. 



Var. scabriuscula, Torr. and Gray. Smaller, less pubescent, brighter 

 green, stem frequently prostrate, 3 to 9 inches high, and branching near 

 the root. 



Geography. — Canada, eastern United States to Georgia, and west to Mis- 

 souri. Frequent in dry, stony, open woods throughout these limits. 



13. V. rostrata, Pursh. (Long-spurred Violet.) Stem diffuse, erect, 4 to 8 

 inches high, smooth. Leaves smooth, thin, roundish, heart-shaped below, cor- 

 date-lanceolate or sub-triangular and acute above ; lower ones crenate-toothed, 

 upper ones sub-serrate. Stipules large, lanceolate, serrate ciliate. Flowers 

 large, pale-blue ; petals obovate, beardless ; spur slender and very long. June. 



Geography. — Eastern North America, Canada to Virginia, and south and 

 west in the Alleghanies. Found sparingly on shaded hillsides throughout 

 these limits. 



14. V. rotundifolia, Mx. (Pvound-leaved Violet.) Early leaves orbicular or 

 kidney-shaped, later ones longer than broad, heart-shaped, sparingly toothed, 

 slightly crenate, 1 to 2 inches wide, 2 to 4 inches long ; stalks pubescent, about 

 as long as the blade. Flowers pale-yellow, middle-sized; side petals bearded, 

 marked with dark lines, sometimes notched at the summit. Stalks 1 to 3 

 inches long, generally smooth, occasionally pubescent, sometimes bracted in 

 the middle ; spur short. 



Geography. — Found sparingly in damp ground from New England to 

 Tennessee. 



15. V. sagittata, Ait. (Arrow-leaved Violet.) Leaf entirely smooth, when 

 growing in damp soil ; slightly pubescent when growing in dry soil. Sub- 



