72 



DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. 



Fat (Cocoa-Butter) 

 Albuminoids . . 

 Starch or Sugar . 

 Mineral substances 

 Theobromine . . 



510 



210 



220 



40 



20 



1000 



Formula of Theobromine. — 

 C7, Hg, N4, 0-2. This is the sub- 

 stance that affects the nervous 

 system somewhat as theine and 

 caffeine do. 



Comparative analysis with milk (approximate) : — 



Milk. 



Fat 35 



Albuminoids and Caseine 50 



Starch or Sugar 40 



Theobromine 



Other substances 15 



Water 860 



1000 



Cocoa. 



510 



210 



220 



20 



40 







1000 



This shows that the cocoa bean contains materials to sustain life. Among the 

 mineral substances of Theobroma is Phosphate of Lime. 



Use. — The dried and split cotyledons of Theobroma seeds are cocoa nibs, 

 and when ground and made into a paste, they form chocolate. The seeds, 

 when roasted and ground, are cocoa ; this when mixed with starch and finely 

 ground, is soluble cocoa. 



Like tea and coffee, cocoa is one of the most important and useful arti- 

 cles of domestic economy, and in the formation of warm table beverages 

 stands first among the peoples of Southern Europe. South America, and 

 Southern North America, and forms an article of consideration in commerce 

 in the marts of all the civilized world. The natives of the countries where it 

 grows break the capsule or seed-vessel and suck out the pulp, which has a 

 glutinous, sweetish taste. It is also preserved, and vinegar, spirits, liquors, 

 and jellies are made of it ; but the most important part is the seeds, which 

 are roasted, ground, and made into a beverage, as coffee is prepared, and are 

 used in the same way. 



Statistics. — The production of cocoa in the New World amounts to about 

 60,000,000 pounds, worth $7,000,000. In the absence of statistics, the quantities 

 produced in Europe and Asia cannot be arrived at. 



Marts. — The markets of South America are La Guayra, Puerto Cabello, 

 Maracaibo, Campano ; of North America, Vera Cruz ; of the West Indies, 

 Martinique and Guadaloupe. 



Order XI. TILIACEJE. 



Calyx valvate, and falling early ; sepals 5 ; petals 4-5, or as many 

 as sepals, rarely gamopetalous, hypogynous, twisted, imbricated, or 

 valvate in the bud. Stamens some multiple of the number of the 

 petals, free or in bundles ; anthers 2-celled. Flowers perfect, with 

 rare exceptions, regular, axillarj% or terminal, solitary, or in few- 

 flowered cymes or panicles. Leaves alternate, occasionally nearly 

 opposite, simple, entire, or palmately lobed ; sometimes crenulate or 

 dentate, frequently coriaceous ; veins prominently reticulate beneath : 



