SAPIN.DACE^. 91 



localities destroyed the erop. After some years this hlight disappeared, and 

 a new pest made its appearance, in the character of a tiny insect, the Phyl- 

 loxera vastatrix, which lives and projjagates upon the roots of the vine, and in 

 a very short time destroys the plant. There are certain symptoms of the dis- 

 ease caused by this insect by means of which an infected spot may be readily 

 recognized. The vines become stunted and Ijear few leave.s, and those are 

 small. When the disease reaches an advanced stage, tlie leaves are discolored 

 yellow or reddish, with tiie edges turned back or withered. The grapes are 

 arrested in growth, and their skin is wrinkled. 



I'lants grown in California possess the power to resist this enemy better than 

 those grown in Europe, and are frequently used for stocks upon which to graft 

 the European plants. 



Marts. — Tlie great markets for cx])ort arc Marseilles, Bordeaux, and 

 Havre, in France ; (ienoa and Naples in Italy, — l>ut mostly Malaga and Lisbon. 

 The im]iort markets are Liverpool and London, in England ; the north German 

 ports, in northern Europe ; New York and Boston, in the United States ; and 

 Quebec, in Canada. 



Order XIX. SAPINDACE^. 



Flowers iinsvmmetrical. Stamens sometimes twice as many as 

 calyx-lobes or sepals, usually fewer, or equal, alternating with the 

 petals in the Maple family (sub-order Acerinea:). Flowers usually 

 polygamous or dioecious, sometimes without petals. Ovary 2-lobed and 

 2-celled, 2 ovules in a cell, maturing one seed in each cell. Fruit winged, 

 cotyledons crumpled in the embryo. Leaves opposite, exstipulate, 

 lobed. Trees and shrubs. 



Genera, 73. 



ACER, L. (^Maple.) Calyx .5-parted. Petals 5, sometimes 4-12. 

 Stamens 4-12. Anthers 2-lobed, seeds 2, sometimes 3. in a 2-winged 

 vessel or samara united at the base, wings diverging. Leaves simple, 

 opposite, lol)ed. Trees. Flowers axillary, in corymbs. 



A. saccharinum. ^Nlarsh. (Sugar Maple. Rock Maple. Bird'.s-eye ^laple.) 

 vStem .50 to 80 feet high, 1 to 2 feet in diameter; branches erect; head sym- 

 metrical. Leaves cordate, smooth, glaucous beneath, green above, 5-lobed ; 

 lolies acuminate, coarsely toothed or sublobed. Flowers small, yellowish, on 

 long, slender peduncle.?. Samaras brown when ripe. Flowers in May. Fruit 

 ripe in September. 



Var. nigrum (Mx. f.), Britt. (Black Majdo.) A. nigrum, Mx. f. (Sugar 

 Tree.) 



This species or variety is like the A. saccharinum, with darker leaves, some- 

 times nearly peltate ; bark rough. The sap is as rich in sugar as the sap of 

 A. saccharinum. 



The leaves of lioth these species are about .5 indies wide, and from ;') to 7 

 inches long when the tree is young, shorter as the tree gnnvs older, palmately 

 or unevenly divided into .') lobes; edges coarsely toothed. 



Geographi/. — The geographical range of the sugar tree is not great. It 

 does not flourish south of .38° N. latitude except in high mountains. It 

 abounds in tlie nortlieni parts of tlie Fnitcil States and in .southern British 

 America. 



