RUBIACE^. 



157 



Ordkk XXIX. RUBIACE^. 



Flowers perfect, rarely unisexual, sometimes defective, but usually 

 regular. Calyx superior, tubular, 2-G-toothed, or wanting. Corolla 

 superior ; petals united ; limb 4— C-toothed or lobed ; segments valvate 

 in the bud. Stamens, 4-G inserted on the tube of the corolla. Ovary 

 inferior. Style simple, bifid or multifid ; stigmas at top or sides ; 

 ovules, 1 or more in a cell. Fruit a capsule, berry, or drupe. Seeds 

 in various positions. Leaves opposite and stipulate or whorled, simple, 

 entire. Trees, shrubs, and herbs. 



Number of genera, 337. 



CINCHONA, L. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-toothed ; corolla tubular, limb 

 5-parted ; stamens 5-epipetalous ; anthers 2-celied ; pistil divided at 

 top ; capsule 2-celled, many-seeded, 

 opening at the base. Fruit winged. 

 Trees. 



1. C. officinalis, L. (Peruvian Bark; 

 Jesuit's Bark.) Trunk 40 to 50 feet high, 

 and 12 to 18 inches in diameter; branches 

 stout. Leaves opposite, elliptical, entire, 

 and nerved, smooth on the upper side, hairy 

 heneath ; petioles short. Flowers ])anicled; 

 calyx campanulate, margin 5-toothed ; co- 

 rolla tubular, spreading at the throat, and 

 divided into 5 segments ; edges serrate ; 

 stamens 5 ; corolla downy on outside. 



2. C. calisaya, Wedd. (Calisaya or Yel- 

 low Cinchona Hark.) Trunk 50 to 100 

 feet in height, and 5 feet in circumference. 

 Leaves oblong and obtu.se, varying in size 

 and sliape, 3 to 6 inches long. Flowers in 

 pyramidal panicles, pink. Fruit in ovate 

 capsules, 2-celled ; seeds winged. 



3. C. micrantha. Wedd. Trunk 30 to 40 



feet in heiglit, and from 10 to 15 inches in diameter. Leaves from 4 to 12 

 inches long, and 2 to 6 inches wide, oblong, smooth, and shining above, pitted 

 beneath at the axils of the veins. Flowers small, in loose, leatless panicles. 



4. C. succirubra, Pavon. (Red Cinchona Bark.) Trunk from 60 to 80 feet 

 high. Leaves broad, oval, 12 inches long, glabrous above, pubc-^cent beneath. 

 Flowers, in large terminal panicles, rose-colored ; seed-vessels an inch in 

 length. Sap and wood red. Western slope of the Andes, near the pcjuator, 

 three to five thousand feet above the sea. 



Species. — There are tliirty-six well marked species of cinchona, and nu- 

 merous varieties, all natives of the Andes. Those described here furnish the 

 barks of the shops of tlie Ignited States and Great Britain ; but the trees that 

 furnish the materials for the production of quinine are the C. Pitayensis, 

 C. coniifolia, C. laucifolia, and other species which grow in the United States 



Cinchona officinalis 

 (Peruvian Bark). 



