220 DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. 



colored. This tree, when clothed with its flame-colored leaves, interspersed 

 with pure white flowers, is an object of enchanting beauty. 



Besides the C. cassia, there are three other well-marked species, as 

 follows : — 



4. C. obtusifolium, Nees, with very blunt leaves. 



5. C. pauciflorum, Nees, few-flowered. 



6. C. iners, Reinw., feeble-wooded. 



These all produce bark resembling the Cinnamomum zeylanimm, but less 

 pungent and delicate. The bark of the cassia is sold in the American market 

 for cinnamon ; very little true cinnamon reaches the United States. It is 

 easily distinguished by the druggist and dealer. The taste and flavor are 

 higher, and the bark is not thicker than good writing-paper. The barks of 

 the shops of America are cassia, and not the true cinnamon, and the oils are 

 likewise mostly cassia oils. 



Geography. — The cinnamon-producing cassia trees are tropical and sub- 

 tropical. Found in southern India, Java, Sumatra and Ceylon, eastern Africa, 

 and Australia. 



Etymologij. — Cassia is the Latinized Hebrew Avord, ketzioth ; and gatsa, to 

 cut, is also given as the root of this word, alluding to the mode of obtaining 

 or harvesting the bark, i. e., a bark which is cut. 



Cultivation. — The modes of growing the tree and harvesting the bark are 

 precisely like tliose for the true cinnamon. Cassia buds of commerce are the 

 unripe fruit of the C cassia and other species. 



Use. — The properties of cassia products are about the same as those of true 

 cinnamon, only less intense. The cassia buds are used in confections, and to 

 flavor bitters and cordials. The bark is used in all cases the same as cinna- 

 mon ; most consumers do not know what the true bark is. 



Order XL VIII. SANTALACE-^. 



Flowers perfect or polygamous, white, green, yellow, or red, lateral 

 or terminal ; perianth single, tubular, variously 5-3-lobed, valvate in/ 

 the bud ; stamens equal and opposite to the perianth lobes, inserted on 

 their middle ; filaments short ; ovary inferior, 1-celled, mostly 3-ovuled. 

 Leaves opposite or alternate, entire, narrow, usually sessile. Trees, 

 shrubs, or herbs. 



No. of genera, 28 ; species, 220 ; tropical and temperate regions. 



SANTALUM, L. (Sandal-wood Tree.) Perianth bell-shaped, 4- 

 5-parted ; lobes spreading ; petals 4, spreading ; stamens 4 ; filaments 

 thread-like ; anthers ovoid ; style conical or cylindrical ; stigmas 2 to 4 ; 

 drupe globose, truncate, or crowned. Leaves alternate. Trees. 



1. S. album, L. Trunk 20 to 30 feet high, branches numerous, opposite, 

 drooping ; bark smooth, grayish-brown ; twigs glabrous. Leaves without 

 stipules ; petioles slender, half an inch long ; blade I to 3 inches long, oval or 

 lanceolate, tapering at the base, sharp or blunt at the extremity, entire, 

 smooth both sides, glaucous underneath. Flowers small, numerous, short- 

 .stalked, in small pyramidal, erect, terminal, and axillary 3-forked, panicle- 

 shaped cymes, without odor ; bracts small ; perianth bell-shaped, smooth. 



