JUGLANDACE.T:. • 239 



I iiieh in dianu'ter, ending with an ai-uniinatt- tip. KxtK-arp or .mter shell 

 like that of J. nigra, hut thinner; nut corrugated in the direction of the longer 

 axis ; kernel sweet and huttery. 



(;co(7ra/>/<y. — (Geographical range between the parallels of 48° and 36^ north 

 latitude, from the Atlantic to the Mississippi Kiver. 



Kt,/mologi/.—Juglans is derived from the words Joi-/s, Jupiter, and glatis, 

 Latin for "nut," — that is, nut or fruit for Jupiter or the gods, on account of 

 its delicate (piality as a food. The common name, butternut, is due to the 

 delicate huttery taste of the kernels. The specific name, cinerea, comes from 

 the Latin cinereiis, ash-colored, due to the ashy-gray color of the bark. 



Hisiori/. The home of the butternut is northeastern North America. It 



is sometimes planted for ornament, but delights in rocky places, and loves the 

 hills; has been planted in middle Europe and in England, and grows and 

 fruits well there. 



Cse.—The butternut is a favorite dessert nut. A delicate salad oil is 

 obtained from the kernels by expression, and the fruit in an uuripe state is 

 used for pickling. 



The wood has a coarse grain, but 

 takes a good polish, and is used for 

 cabinet ware and for Avaiuscoting. 

 The chips are also used to manufac- 

 ture beer. 



The outer shell of the fruit fur- 

 nishes a dye, which is largely used to 

 color home-made fabrics in the west- 

 ern part of Kentucky and Tennessee. 



A decoction of the bark is boiled 



down to a mass and made into pills, 



which are administered as a gentle 



cathartic. 



JuGLANS NIGRA ( Black Waliiut). 



2. J. nigra, L. (Black Walnut. 

 Black-wooded Walnut Tree.) Stem straight, 40 to 80 feet high, and 1 to 4 

 feet in diameter ; branches crooked and straggling, forming an open and 

 picturesque head, from lo to 30 feet in diameter. Leaves compound, with 

 7 to 8 pairs of leaflets and a terminal one, odd one frecjuently wanting ; 

 leaflets slender, cordate, acuminate, unequal at the base, on short petioles. 

 Flowers greenish, appearing in May in the northern limits, and in A])ril 

 further south. Fruit ripens in October. 



Geography. — The black walnut is indigenous in southwestern New York, 

 and further south to the Gulf of Mexico, and west some distance beyond the 

 Mississippi Kiver. It has been introduced into the eastern middle States and 

 southern New England, where it grows and fruits well. 



Etymologi/. — Xigrci is from the Latin niger, black, from the color of the 

 wood. The word walnut was given in England, and means " a strange or 

 foreign nut," signifying that it came from a]>r(»ad. from .Anglo-Saxon ivealk, 

 strange, and nut. 



Histori/ — The black walnut has been introduced into England and 

 southern Europe by seeds from America. It grows well in England, but is 

 becoming very scarce in the United States 



U.<>e. — The wood of the l)lack walnut is hard, very dark, and takes a good 

 polish ; it is strong and tough, and is largely used in the manufacture of cabi 



