C()NIKEH/E. 



313 



T. Canadensis, Carr. (Ilornlock Sj)rnco.) Trunk ">() to 100 foot in height, 

 l)niiKhing freely. Hark gray, smooth on youug trees, hut very rough and 

 furrowi'd on old trees. Leaves solitary. Hat, slightly toothed, hlunt at the 

 apex, in 2 ranks, half an inch long, and less than an eiglith of an inch wide. 

 Cones three fourths of an inch in length, and less than half an inch in diameter , 

 .scales suhorhic.ular, half an inch long; wing less than half an inch hroad. 

 Flowers in June; seed matures in the following year in June. 



Geocjraphy. — The geographical range of the hemlock is confined to a belt 

 on both sides of the forty-fifth ])arallel, in the Northern Hemisphere, reaching 

 down to Pennsylvania iu mountainous regions, and even to North Carolina, 

 and as far north as Oregon and Hudson Bay. 



TsuGA Canadensis (Hemlock Spruce). 



Etymology. — Tsuf/a is Japanese for yew-leaved or evergreen The name 

 Canaflensis comes from Canada, the home of the tree. Tlie origin of hemlock, 

 the common name, is not so easily determined ; it is suggested that it comes 

 from //e/H.tho edge or border, and /or, fasten, inclose, alluding to the use of the 

 tree in hedging. Again, hem means "injure" or "cripple," and may allnde 

 to the poisonous properties of the cicuta, called hemlock. The.se inferences 

 are not to be relied upon, and the origin and meaning of the name must be 

 left in obscurity. 



History. — The hemlock is an American tree; it was taken to Europe soon 

 after the settlement of northoa.stern America, and grows well in the northern 

 parts of England. 



Use. — As an ornamental tree the hemlock is a favorite in large grounds 

 When not crowded it ri.«ies to the height of 40 to 80 feet, a perfect jiyramid, 

 its lower branches resting on the ground. Its foliage is the most debcato of 

 all the coniferjc. It bears the knife well, ami makes a compact and beautiful 

 hedge. The wood is soft, easily split, and has a very coarse grain : yet it is 



