152 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 



UNIFOLIUM ADANS. Fam. II (1763). 



Tovaria NECK. Elem. Ill, 190 (1790) not Adans. 



Smilaciiia DESF. Ann. Mus. Par. IX, 51 (1798). 



Sigillaria RAF. Jour. Phys. LXXXIX, 261 (1819). 



Polygonastrum MOENCH, Meth. 637 (1794). 



Asteranthemum, Jocaste, Medora KUNTH, Enura. V, 

 148-155 (1850). 



Neolexis SALISB. Gen. PI. Fragm. 64 (1822?). 



Majanthemum WIGG. Prim. Hoist. 15 (1780). 



Sciophylla WIBEL, Prim. Werth. 147 (1799). 



Bifolium GAERTN. Wett. Fl. I, 209 (1799). 



StyraHdra RAF. Jour. Phys. LXXXIX, 102 (1819). 



Maia SALISB. Gen. PI. Fragm. 64 (1822?). 



Benth. and Hook., Gen. PL III, 770: Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 422; 

 Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 2, V, 79 (Engler); O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. II, 

 717, 718; Schenck, Palaeophyt. 361. 



Living species: 21; N. temperate regions, 2; Hima- 

 layas, 5; E. Siberia, 1; Japan, 1; W. N. America, 1 (end.); 

 Mexico and Gautemala, 7; Canada, 6; California, 4; Rocky 

 mts., 3; E. Sts., 4; N. America, 8-10; Europe, 1. 



Fossil species: ? Cretaceous, Greenland (Heer)\ Ter- 

 tiary, Greenland (Heer). 



Unifolium bifolium (LiNN.) 



Convallaria bifolia LINN. Spec. 316 (1753). 



C. quadrifida LAM. Fl. Fr. Ill, 269 (1778). 



Majanthemum convallaria WIGG. Prim. Fl. Hoist. 15 (1780). 



Evallaria bifolia NECK. Elem. Ill, 196 (1791). 



Convallaria tetrapetala GILIB. Exerc. Phyt. II, 461 (1792). 



Majanthemum cordifolium MOENCH, Meth. 638 (1794). 



Smilacina bifolia DESF. Ann. Mus. IX, 54 (1807). 



Majanthemum canadense DESF. Ann. Mus. IX. 52 (1807). 



Smilacina canadense PURSH, Fl. Am. 233 (1814). 



Styrandra bifolia RAF. Jour. Phys. LXXXIX, 102 (1819). 



Smilacina bifolia var. canadense GRAY, Man. ed. 5, 530? (1868). 



Unifolium canadense GREENE, Torr. Bull. XV, 287 (1888). 

 Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 526; Britt., Fl. N. J. 241; Mac. T 

 Fl. Can. II, 32; Upham, Fl. Minn. 145; Chap., Fl. S. St. 481; Wats., Fl. 

 Calif. II, 162; Richt., PL Eur. 231; Engl., Nat. Pflanz. II, 5, 80; Rothr., 

 Alask. 456. 



Whole N. temperate zone. 



North America: Labrador and Newf. to Hudson Bay, 

 Bear lake and Rockies; S. through Can. to N. Eng., N. J. and 

 N. Car. W. to Minn. , Dak. and Iowa. Alaska. 



Minn, valley: Throughout; principally in forest dis- 

 trict and along streams ; damp woods and banks ; tamarack 

 swamps. 



HERB. : Bollard 870, Waconia; Ballard 418, New Pra- 

 gue, Scott Co.; Ballard 68, Chaska; Taylor 948, Glen wood; 



