186 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 



to Gulf of Mexico; E. from Neb. and Ark. to N. Eng., N. J. 

 and Fla. 



Minn, valley: Forest district and probably westward ; 

 banks of streams and shores of lakes. 



HERB. : Sheldon 477, Madison Lake, Blue Earth Co. ; 

 Sandberg 514, Cannon Falls. 



XXV. BETULACEAE. Birch Family. 



Endlicher, Gen. PI 272 (1840); Benth. and Hook., Gen. PL III, 403 

 {1880) Trib. I, II, Cupuliferae; Lindl., Veg. King. 251 (1846) Corylaceae; 

 Baillon, Hist. PL VI, 217 (1877) Castaneaceae in part; Prantl, Engler and 

 Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, I, 39 (1887). 



Genera: 6; N. extropical regions; a few to Bengal and 

 the Argentine Republic; from Himalayan and Cordilleran dis- 

 tribution centers. Circumpolar in Tertiary. 



Species: 70 , living; 100 +, fossil. 



CARPINUS LINN. Gen. 729 (1737) p. p. em. Scop. (1760). 



Distegoearpus SIEB. and Zucc. Fam. Nat. Jap. II, 102 (1837). 

 Baillon, Hist. PL VI, 255 (part)-, Benth. and Hook., Gen. PL III, 405; 

 Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 380: Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, I, 42; 

 Schenck, Palaeophyt. 421. 



Living species: 12; Middle and S. Europe; C. and E. 

 Asia; Atl. N. America to Mexico. Europe, 2; Russia, 2; Japan, 

 4-5; N. America, 1. 



Fossil species: 25; Tertiary of Greenland, Oregon, 

 Alaska, Spitzbergen, Saghalin, Japan (Unger, Heer, Gopperi, 

 etc.). Quaternary, Japan and Canada ? 



Carpinus caroliniana WALT. Fl. Car. 236 (1788). 



C. betulus virginiana MARSH. Arbust. 25 (1785). 

 C. americana LAM. Enc. Meth. IV, 708 (1797). 

 C. virginiana MICHX. f. Sylv. Ill, 56 (1813). 



Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 474; Britt., Fl. N. J. 221; Mac., 

 Fl. Can. I, 439; Chap., Fl So. St. 425; Uphani, Fl. Minn. 127; Cov., Fl. 

 Ark. 220; Engl , Nat. Pflanz. Ill, 1, 43. 



North America: N. S. ?, Q., Georgian Bay; S. to N. 

 Eng., N. J., Fla.; W. to Minn., Iowa, Kan. and Tex. 



Minn, valley: Forest and N.W. districts; along streams 

 and around lakes. 



HERB.: Sheldon 337, Madison Lake, Blue Earth Co.; 

 Oestlund 179, Minnehaha; Sandberg 502, Vasa; Herb. Wicker s- 

 heim 115, Lake Park, Becker Co. 



OSTRYA SCOP. Fl. Cam. 414 (1760). 



Baillon, Hist. PL VI, 255 (sub Carpinus)', Benth. and Hook., Gen. PL 

 III, 406; Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 381; Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, 

 I, 43 (Prantl); Schenck, Palaeophyt. 418. 



