188 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 



Colo. 333; Wats., Fl. Calif. II, 101; Mac., Fl. Can. II, 355 in var.: Engl. 

 Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. Ill, 1, 43. 



N. Asia; sp. very closely related or identical. 



North America: N. S., N. Br., Q., Ont. to Saskatch- 

 ewan, Brit. Col. and Vancouver; S. to Washington and Colo. ; 

 E. to N. Eng., N. J. and Ga. 



Minn, valley: FarN. W. district; local and rare; thick- 

 ets and river banks. 



HERB.: Bailey 229, Vermilion lake; Roberts 122, 

 French river. 



Corylus americana WALT. Fl. Car. 236 (1788). 



C. humilis WILLD. Berl. Baumz. 108 (1796). 



Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 474; Britt., Fl. N. J. 222; Mac.. 

 Fl. Can. I, 440; Webb., Fl. Neb. 109: Upham, Fl. Minn. 127; Chap., Fl. S. 

 St. 425; Cov., Fl. Ark. 220. 



North America: Ont. to Man., Selkirks, Assiniboia 

 and Cypress Hills; S. to N. Eng., N. J. and W. Fla.; W. to 

 Dak. , Neb. and Ark. 



Minn, valley: Forest district; not infrequent; thickets 

 and edges of woods. 



HERB. : Taylor 378, Janesville; Sheldon 507, Waseca; 

 Taylor 335, Janesville; Sheldon 324, Smith's Mills, Blue Earth 

 Co. ; Sheldon 467, Madison Lake, Blue Earth Co. ; Bollard 228, 

 Jordan, Scott Co. ; Oestlund 176, Hennepin Co. ; Sandberg 500, 

 Goodhue Co. ; Oestlund 177, Minneapolis. 



BETULA LINN. Gen. 715 (1735) em. Gaert. (1791). 

 Betulaster SPACH, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2, XV, 198 (1841). 

 Baillon, Hist. PL VI, 254; Benth. and Hook., Gen. PI III; 404; Du- 

 rand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 380; Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3. 1, 43 (Prantl); 

 Schenck, Palaeophyt. 409. 



Living species: 35; boreal and temperate regions of 

 N. hemisphere; Europe; Asia; N. America. 25 (B. and H.); 

 Europe, 12; Russia, 11; N. America, 11; Canada, 9-10; S. Sts., 

 3; E. Sts., 7; Rocky mts., 2; PI. King, 4; PI. Wheel., 2; Cali- 

 fornia, 2. 



Fossil species: 40; doubtfully in the Cretaceous; 

 abundant in Tertiary of polar regions and in Europe. 



Betula pumila LINN. Mant. I, 124 (1767). 



B. grayi REGEL, Bull. Soc. Mosc. XVIII, 406 (1866). 

 Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 472; Britt., Fl. N. J. 221; Mac., 

 Fl. Can. I, 437; Upham, Fl. Minn. 128; Engl. Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. Ill, 

 1,45. 



North America: Newf., Labr., Anticosti, N. S., N. Br., 



