LIST OF HIGHER SEED-PRODUCING PLANTS. 189 



Q., Ont. to foot-hills of Rockies; S. to Conn, and N. J. ; W. to 

 Ind., Ills, and Minn. 



Minn, valley: N. E., N. W. and N. districts; marshy 

 meadows and bogs. 



HERB. : Taylor 737, Glenwood; Bollard 145n, Chaska; 

 Ballard 423, New Prague, Scott Co. ; Sandberg 504, Chisago Co. ; 

 Sandberg 505, Goodhue Co. ; Herb. Sheld. 1796, Minneapolis. 



Betula nigra LINN. Spec. 982 (1753). 



B. lanulosa MICHX. Fl. N. Am. II, 181 (1803). 

 B. rubra MICHX. Arb. II, 142(1812). 

 B. angulata LODD. Cat. (1836). 



Wats. andCoult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 472; Britt., Fl. N. J. 221; Webb., 

 Fl. Neb. 110; Upham, Fl. Minn. 128; Chap., Fl. S. St. 428; Cov., Fl. Ark. 

 220: Engl. Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. Ill, 1, 45. 



North America: Mass, to N. J. and Fla.; W. to Minn., 

 Neb., E. Kan. and Tex. 



Minn, valley: Forest district to Blue Earth Co.; local 

 and infrequent; river banks and lake shores. 

 HERB. : Holzinger 256, Winona Co. 



Betula papyrifera MARSH. Arbust. Amer. 19 (1785). 

 B. papyracea AIT. Hort. Kew. Ill, 337 (1789). 

 B. grandis SCHRAD. Ind. Sem. Gott. 2 (1833). 

 B. canadensis LOUD. Cab. (1836). 

 B. latifoha TAUSCH, Flora XXI, 751 (1838). 



Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 472; Mac., Fl. Can. I, 436; Upham, 

 Fl. Minn. 128; Wats., King Exp. 323; Engl. Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. Ill, 1, 45; 

 Webb., Appx. Neb. 26. 



North America: Throughout Canada ("widest range 

 of any Canadian tree" Macoun.) to Arctic ocean; S. to N. Eng., 

 N. Penn., N. Ills, and Minn., Dak. and N. Neb. 



Minn, valley : Forest district to Renville Co. ; rare and 

 local S. W. ; but abundant N. E. districts. Woodland along 

 streams. 



HERB. : Ballard 290n, Jordan, Scott Co. ; Herrick 275, 

 Minneapolis; Sandberg 503, Red Wing. 



ALNUS GAERTN. Fruct. II, 54, t. 90 (1791). 



Alnaster SPACH, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2, XV. 200(1841). 

 Alnobetula SCHUR. Transsylv. 614 (1866). 

 Semidopsis ZUMAG. Fl. Ped. I, 249 (1849). 

 Clethropsis SPACH, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2, XV, 201 (1841). 

 Baillon, Hist. PL VI, 254; Benth. and Hook., Gen. PL III, 404; Du- 

 rand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 380; Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, 1, 45 (Prantl); 

 Schenck, Palaeophyt. 414. 



Living species: 14; Europe; Mid. and N. Asia; N. and 

 S. America, extropical; S. Africa. Europe, 6; Russia, 4; Rus- 



