LIST OF HIGHER SEED-PRODUCING PLANTS. 201 



XXXI. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Birthwort 

 Family. 



Endlicher, Gen. PL 344 (1840); Benth. and Hook., Gen. PL III, 121 

 (1880); Solereder in Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, I, 264 (1889). 



Genera: 5; warmer and tropical regions; principally 

 S. America, and absent from Australia. Doubtful remains in 

 Cretaceous and Tertiary. 



Species: 200; 90 per cent, in genus Aristolochia of the 

 tropical and subtropical regions. 



ASARUM LINN. Gen. 385 (1737). 



Heterotropa MORR. and DECNE. A nn. Sci. Nat. II, 2, 314 (1834). 

 Baillon, Hist. PL IX, 21; Benth. and Hook., Gen. PL III, 122; Durand, 

 IncL Gen. Phan. 345; Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, I, 271 (Solereder); 

 Schenck, Palaeophyt. 707. 



Living species : 13; temperate regions, N. hemisphere; 

 Europe, 1; Himalayas, 1; Japan, 7; North America, 4; E. Sts., 

 3; Canada, 2; S. Sts., 3; California, 3. 



Fossil species: Cretaceous of Nebraska and Europe? 



Asarum canadense LINN. Spec. ed. 2, 633 (1762). 

 A. carolinianum WALT. Fl. Car. 143(1788). 

 A. latifolium SALISB. Prodr. 344 (1796). 

 A. villosum MUHL. Cat. (1813). 



Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 445; Britt., Fl. N. J. 212; Mac., Fl. 

 Can. I, 418; Upham, Fl. Minn. 116; Chap., Fl. S. St. 371; Cov., Fl. Ark. 216; 

 Engl. Solered. Nat. Pflanz. Ill, 1, 271. 



North America: N. Br., Q., Ont. to 49 N. lat. in 

 Man. and Saskatchewan; S. to N. Eng., N. J., N. Car. and W. 

 to Minn, and Dak. 



Minn valley: Throughout; shaded river banks and 

 moist woodland. 



HERB.: Sheldon 146, Madison Lake; Bollard 52n, 

 Chaska; Holzinger 193, Winona Co.; Kassiibe 206, Minneapolis; 

 Arthur 159, Vermilion lake; Leonard 42, Minneapolis; Winchell 

 19, Minneapo]is; Sandberg 475, Goodhue Co.; Herb. Sheld. 1875, 

 Ramsey Co. ; Herb. Wickersheim 110, Idlewild, Lincoln Co. 



AEISTOLOCHIA LINN. Gen. 639 (1737). 

 Glossula RAF. ex. Baillon. 1. c. (1888). 

 Pistolochia RAF. ex. Baillon, 1. c. (1888). 

 '? Endodeca RA.F. ex. Baillon, 1. c. (1888). 



Howarclia and Einomenia KLOTZSCH, Monatb. Berl. 607 (1859). 

 Siphisia RAF. Med. Fl. I, 62 (1828). 

 Hocquartia BUM. Comm. Bot. 30 (1822). 

 Hoiostylis DUCHARTRE. Ann. Sci. Nat. 4. II, 33 (1855). 

 Guaco LIEBM. Forh. Scand. Nat. 203 (1844). 



