232 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 



Ulm and N. in valley; damp woods and banks. 



HERB.: Sheldon 178, Eagle Lake, Blue Earth Co.; 

 Winchell 1, Minneapolis; Sandberg 34, Red Wing; Herb. Sheld. 

 1831, Minneapolis. 



ACTAEA LINN. Gen. 427 (1737). 



Cimicifuga LINN. Am. Acad. VIII, 193 (1755). 

 Botrophis RAF. Med. Etep, II, hex. V, 350 (1808). 

 Macrotys RAF. 1. c. (1808). 



Pityrosperma SIEB. and Zucc. Act. Monac. Ill, 734 (1843). 

 Actinospora TURCZ. Mss., F. and M. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 2, IV, 

 333(1835). 



Christoplioriana TOURN. lost. 299 (1700). 



Baillon, Hist. PL I, 88; Benth. and Hook., Gen. PL I, 9; Engler and 

 Prantl, Nat. PHanz. 3, II, 59; Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 2; Gray, 111. Gen. 

 49, 51. 



Living species; 50 described; 10 (B. and H.); 12 Du- 

 rand); Russia, 7+; Europe, 2; Asia, 10; North America, 8; 

 Canada, 4-5; Calif., 4; S. Sts., 4; Rocky mts., 2. 



Actaea alba (LINN.) MILL. Diet. (1768). 

 A. spicata var. alba LINN. Spec. 504 (1753). 

 A. americana var. A PURSH, Fl. Am I, 366 (1814'. 

 A. brachypetala var. A DC. Syst. I, 385 (1818), 

 A. pachypoda ELL. Sk. II, 15 (1824). 



Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 48; Britt., Fl. N. J. 40; Upham, 

 Fl. Minn. 21; Chap., Fl. S. St. 11; Mac., Fl. Can. 27; Wats., Bibl. Ind. I, 

 2; Greene, Pittonia, II, 107. 



North America: Anticosti, N. S.. N. Br., Q., Ont, 

 Man. to Coast range in Brit. Col.; S. to N. Eng., N. J. and S. 

 Car.; W. to Ark., Mo., Minn, and Dak. 



Minn, valley: Forest region with A. rubra (Ait.). 

 Perhaps rather less abundant. 



HERB. : Taylor 701, Minnesota lake; Sheldon 804, Sigel 

 township, Brown Co. ; Bollard 405, Jordan, Scott Co. ; Herrick 

 21, Minneapolis; Sandberg 39, Red Wing; Bailey 119, Vermilion 

 lake; Sandburg 40, Chisago lake. 



Actaea rubra (AiT.) WILLD. Enum. 561 (1809). 



A. spicata var. rubra AIT. Hort. Kew. II, 221 (1789) 



A. americana var. B PURSH, Fl. Am. 366 (1814). 



A. brachypetala var. B DO. Syst. I, 385(1818). 



Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 48; Coult., Fl. Colo. 11; Webb., Fl. 

 Neb. 115; Upham, Fl. Minn. 21; Britt., Fl. N. J. 40; Regel, Fl. O.-Sib. I, 

 119; Mac., Fl. Can. I, 27; Forbes and Ilpms., Fl. Sin. I, 21, species spicata', 

 Engl. Prantl, IS at. Pflanz. Ill, 2,59?; Led., Fl. Ross. 1,71; Nym , Fl. Eur.; 

 Herd., Fl. Eur. Russ. 10; Wats., Bibl. Ind. I, 2; Hart., Scand. Fl. (A. 

 spicata , I, 176. 



? Temperate and Arctic Europe; Russ. to Caucasus and 



