356 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 



Minn, valley: local; New Ulm; rare; sandy ridges and 

 rocks. 



Ceanothus americanus LINN. Spec. 195 (1753). 

 C. trinervus MOENCH, Meth. 651 (1794). 

 C. herbaceus RAF. Med. Repos. V, 360 (1808). 

 C. perennis and intermedius PURSH, Fl. Am. 167 (1814). 

 C. sanguineus NUTT. Gen. 1, 153 (1818). 

 C. officinalis RAF. Med. Bot. II, 205 (1830). 



Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 112; Britt., Fl. N. J. 77; Upham, 

 Fl. Minn. 39; Webb., Fl. Neb. 122: Chap., Fl. S. St. 74; Mac., Fl. Can. I, 

 95; Coult., Fl. Tex. 60;Cov.,Fl. Ark. 172; Wats., Bibl. Ind. I, 163. 



North America: Ont. to Man. ; S. to N. Eng., N. J\ 

 and Fla.; W. to Minn., Neb., Ark., Miss, and W. Tex. 



Minn, valley: Throughout; dry and open woodland 

 and along river banks. 



HERB.: Sheldon 1171, New Ulm; Bollard 740, Waco- 

 ma; Sheldon 931, Redwood Falls; Bollard 465, Prior's lake, 

 Scott Co.; Sheldon 734, Sleepy Eye; Bollard 566, Prior's lake, 

 Scott Co. ; Herrick 66, Minneapolis; Kassube 49, Rocky lake; 

 Sandberg 115, Red Wing. 



RHAMNUS LINN. Gen. 165 (1737) em. 

 Alaternus TOURN. Inst. 595 (1700). 

 Frangula MOENCH, Meth. Suppl. 271 (1802). 

 Marcorella NECK. Elem. 799 (1790). 

 Cardiolepis RAFEST. Neogen, 2 (1825). 

 Sciadophila PHIL. Linn. XXVIII, 618 (1854). 

 Rhamnella MIQ. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. Ill, 30 (1857). 

 Microrhamnus MAXIM. Mem. Ac. Petr. 



Benth. and Hook., Gen. PI. I, 377; Baillon, Hist. PI. VI, 74; Durand,. 

 Ind. Gen. Phan. 68; Schenck, Palaeophyt. 585. 



Living species: 70 ; temperate regions of Europe, 

 Asia and America; a few in the tropics; absent from Africa, 

 Australia and Oceanica. N. America, 6-7; E. Sts., 3, W. Sts., 

 3-4. 



Fossil species : Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary; Green- 

 land, W. America, Siberia, Europe, Azores, Switzerland, Java^ 

 15-20 sp. (Lesquereaux, Heer, Gdppert). 



Rhamnus alnifolia I/HER. Sert. Angl. 5 (1788). 

 E. franguloides MICHX. Fl. Am. 1, 153 (1803). 

 R. alpinus RICH. Frankl. Journ. 6 (1823). 



Girtanneria alnifolia and franguloides RAF. Fl. Tellur. 28 (1836). 

 Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. Ill; Britt., Fl. N. J. 76; Wats., 

 Bibl. Ind. I, 168; Mac., Fl. Can. I, 96; Webb., Fl. Neb. 122; Upham, Fl. 

 Minn. 38. 



