366 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 



Genera: 18-20; cosmopolitan. 



Species: 50 ; cosmopolitan; herbaceous in temper- 

 ate, shrubby in tropical regions. 



TIOLA LINN. Gen. 679 (1737). 



Mnemion SPACH, Suit. Buff. V, 510 (1836). 

 Chrysion SPACH, 1. c. 509 (1836). 

 Lophion SPACH, 1. c. 516 (1836). 

 Erpetion DC. ex Sweet, Brit. FL Gard. 170 (1823). 

 Baillon, Hist. PL IV, 351; Benth. and Hook., Gen. PL I, 117; Durand, 

 Ind. Gen. Phan. 23; Gray, 111. Gen. I, 185. 



Living species; 250 described; 150 reduced; 100 (B. 

 and H.); three-fourths in temperate northern hemisphere, rest 

 in southern; almost the whole earth (Durand). Russia, 40 -H; 

 Europe, 56; Russian Europe, 26; N. America, 35; Calif., 15; 

 Canada, 27-30; E. Sts., 17-19; Rocky mts., 8-10; S. Sts., 16; 

 PL King, 8-9; PL Wheel., 4; W. Tex., 4. 



Yiola sylvestris LAM. FL Fr. II, 680 (1778). 

 V. uliginosa MUHL. Cat. 25 (1813). 

 V. debilis PURSH, FL Am. 174 (1814). 

 V. mufilenbergiana GINGINS, DC. Prodr. I, 297 (1824). 

 V. muhlenbergii TORR. FL U. S. I, 256 (1824). 

 V. canina var. sylvestris REGEL, Fl. O.-Sib. 1, 245 (1862). 

 V. canina var. muhlenbergii TRAUTV. Fl. Sib. 28 (1877). 

 Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 81; Britt., Fl. N. J. 57; Upham, 

 FL Minn. 29; Chap., Fl. S. St. 34; Brew, and Wats., Fl. Calif. 56; Mac., 

 Fl.Can. I, 63; Led., Fl. Eoss. I, 253; Herd., FL Russ. Eur. 22; Roth., 

 Wheel. Exp. 68; Wats.. Bibl. Ind. I, 82; Forbes and Hems., FL.Sin. 55. 



Russian Europe; Siberia to Baikals, Amur., Kamtka , 

 China. 



North America: Greenland to Alaska; S. thro. Can. 

 to N. Eng., N. J. and Va.; W. to Minn., Dak. and Colo. 



Minn, valley: N. E. and N. edge; forest region and in 

 tamarack swamps. 



HERB. : Sheldon 1605, Ramsey Co. 



Yiola striata AIT. Hort. Kew. Ill, 290 (1789). 

 V. debilis MICHX. FL I, 150 (1803). 

 V. kwisiana GING. DC. Prodr. I, 298 (1824). 

 V. ochroleuca SCHW. Am. Journ. Sci. I, 5, 66 (1824). 

 Wats, and Couit., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 80; Britt., FL N. J. 57; Chap., Fl. 

 S. St. 34; Upham, Fl. Minn. 29; Mac., FL Can. I, 63; Wats., Bibl. Ind. 

 I, 87. 



North America: Ont. and N. Eng. to mts. of Ga.; W. 

 to Minn, and Mo. 



Minn, valley: N. edge and to the W. edge on higher 

 levels; flat and wooded grounds. 



