558 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 



HERB. : Bollard 519, Prior's lake, Scott Co. ; Ballard 

 499, Scott Co. ; Taylor 383, Janesville; Taylor 316, Janesville; 

 Sheldon 106%, Elysian; Herrick 172, Sandy lake; Sandberg 347, 

 Center City; Herb. Moyer 151, Stevens lake, Chippewa Co. 



CNICUS LINN. Gen. 633 (1737). 



Picnomon ADANS. Fam. II, 116 (1763). 



Breea LESS. Syn. Comp. 9 (1832). 



Onopordum LINN Gen. 927 (1737). 



Acanos ADANS. Fam. II, 116 (1763). 



L.amyra, Platyraphium, Ptilostemon, Orthocentron, Lo- 

 phiolepis, Eriolepis, Notobasis CASS. Diet. XXV-XLIV (1826). 



Echenais CASS. Bull. Philom. (1818). 



Spanioptilon LESS. Comp. Syn. 10 (1832). 



Xylanthena, Cephalonoplos NECK. Elem. 67, 68 (1790). 



Chamaepeuce DC. Prodr. VI, 657 (1837). 



Ancathia DC. Guill. Arch. Bot. II, 331 (1833). 



Picnocomon and Acarna YAILL. Acad. Par. (1718). 



Epitrachys K. KOCH, Linn. XXIV, 396(1850). 



Ornitrophis CASS. ex Dur. 1. c. (1888). 



Cirsium DC. Fl. Fr. IV, 110 (1805). 



' Baillon. Hist. PI VIII, 5 (sub Carduus)', Benth. and Hook., Gen. PL 

 II, 468; Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 225. 



Living species: 175 ; Europe; Asia; Africa; N. and S. 

 America; extra-tropical. Introduced elsewhere. Europe, 65; 

 Russia, 55; Russian Europe, 22; North America, 35; Rocky 

 mts., 12; Canada, 13; E. Sts., 7; S. Sts., 9; California, 12-14; PL 

 King, 5; PI. Wheel., 8; W. Tex., 6. 



Cnicus odoratus (MuHL.) B. S. P. Cat. N. Y. (1888). 



Carduus odoratus MUHL. Cat. 70 (1813).* 

 Carduus pumilus and var. hystrix NTJTT. Gen. II, 130 (1818). 

 Cirsium pumilum SPRENG. Syst. Ill, 375 (1826). 

 Cnicus pumilus TORR. Compend. 282 (1826). 



Wats, and Couft., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 296; Britt., Fl. N. J. 151; Mac., Fl. 

 Can. I, 269; Upham, Fl. Minn. 88; Gray, Syn. Fl. I, 2, 401. 



North America: Maine to Penn. and N. J. ; W, to 

 Man. and Minn. 



Minn, valley: N. E., N. andN. W. districts; dry fields 

 or sparsely wooded ridges. 



HERB.: Ballard 574, Prior's lake, Scott Co.; Taylor 

 1013, Glenwood; Sandberg 351, Cannon Falls. 



Cnicus muticus (Micnx.) PURSH, Fl. Am. 506 (1814). 

 Cirsium muticum MICHX. Fl. Am. II. 89 (1803). 

 Carduus muticus and glaber (?) NUTT. Gen. II, 129 (1818). 

 Cnicus glutinosus BIGEL. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 291 (1824). 

 Cirsium Mgelovii DC. Prodr. VI, 640 (1837). 

 Wats, and Coult, Gray's Man. 6 ed. 296; Britt., Fl. N. J. 151; Upham, 



