II 



Tli.- Ant.v. ti. sinti..n, where pressure had continued to give way, wu now under the full influence of 

 i hi- disturbance, and a fresh Easterly gale wu blowing there. but the wind moderated next day. During 

 .ile temperature appean to have changed very little 



A diminution of procure recorded at Kerguelen Island and on board ship* in the neighbourhood of t he 

 ialand between the 6th and 8th February, 1903, which was accompanied by an increase of wind, wu 

 followed on the 9th by a diminution of pressure and a strong gale from Kut, in 65' 53' &, 89* L'l K , the 

 position in which the " Gauss" wu situated. 



Other instances furnished by synchronous G.M.T. observations could be cited to show how the gales 

 experienced at Kaiser Wilhclm II. Land, during the sojourn there of the German Exploring Expedition. 

 frequently owed their origin to systems of low pressure travelling outward, which had previously affected 

 the weather conditions of Kerguelen and ships in the neighbourhood of the island, giving rise to strung 

 winds and gales in those localities. 



Sunlif<l in connexion with the more ample information in reference to the meteorology of the Antarctic 

 during the same period, which is given in Part I. of this work, considerable light is thrown by these 

 (.'hart* upon problem* relating to pressure distribution and wind circulation in, and in the neighbourhood 

 of, those localities in which the Winter Quarters of the British, German, Scottish, and Swedish Expedition* 

 were situated. They afford additional examples which may be explained by the supposition that the 

 ; winds and gales from polar directions experienced by the "Discovery" Expedition in South 

 Victoria Land were accompanied by a decided rise of temperature, because they had their origin in lower 

 latitudes over the ocean. 



The train of low-pressure areas during their passage eastward in this part of the Southern Ocean 

 frequently follows a more southerly path after passing Cape Adair, the centres of the depression* striking 

 math-eastward and the areas of disturbance spreading over the ROM Sea. 



With a cyclonic depression dominating air circulation over, and in the vicinity of, the Koss Sea, winds 

 arc Northerly to Northeasterly in the eastern segment of the system, seaward ; Easterly to South-easterly 

 in the southern segment, over and immediately to the south of the ice barrier ; and Southerly to South- 

 westerly in the western segment, following the trend of the mountain ranges. It is contended, therefore, 

 that the relative warmth of the winds having a southerly component in South Victoria Land may 

 reasonably be attributed to the place of origin in lower latitudes over the ocean, though the cold of 

 higher polar regions makes itself felt in the south-westerly segment of the cyclonic depression of that 

 region. 



The WeddtU Sea Kegio*. 



McMurdo Sound is situated nearly 400 miles south of North Cape, and west of the easternmost spur of 

 the Admiralty Range. It is, in consequence, sheltered to some extent from northerly winds by this range, 

 and by the out roast ranges, including Prince Albert Mountains, which afford shelter from north-westerly 

 . . 



Snow Hill, sheltered for the most part from between North-north-east and West by the heighu of 

 .loinville Island, which include Mount Percy, by those of Louis Philippe Land, and of Palmer Land, 

 from which rises Mount Uaddington, is somewhat similarly situated u regards exposure to winds, so 

 that strong winds and gales from an equatorial quarter are rarely experienced there, while Southerly and 

 S. nth-westerly winds prevail, and frequently attain to gale force. 



Because the depressions which exercise the most influence upon the weather conditions of the South 

 Orkneys are those which more to the south-eastward after passing the 60th meridian, the average air 

 circulation in, and in the neighbourhood of, the Weddell Sea, accruing from a procession of these cyclone*, 

 approximates to that which would obtain were an area of low pressure situated over that sea, occuioning 

 Northerly and North-westerly winds over the eastern aide of the sea, Easterly on the southern aide; 

 Southerly and South-westerly on the western, and Westerly on the northern aide. 



