PREFACE. Vll 



Smith College, for reading one or more portions of the text; 

 as well as to all those who have contributed illustrations. 



Illustrations. The large majority of the illustrations are new 

 (or are the same as those used in earlier editions of the author's 

 Elementary Botany) and were made with special reference to 

 the method of treatment followed in the text. Many of the 

 photographs were made by the author. Others were contributed 

 by President P. H. Mell of the Clemson Agricultural College; 

 Professor Rowlee of Cornell University; Mr. H. J. Webber, 

 Washington, D. C.; Mr. John Gifford of New Jersey; Professor 

 B. M. Duggar, University of Missouri; Mr. Herman von Schrenk, 

 Missouri Botanical Garden; Professor H. C. Cowles of the 

 University of Chicago; Professor C. E. Bessey, University of 

 Nebraska; Dr. M. B. Howe, New York Botanical Garden; 

 Mr. Gifford Pinchot, Chief of the Bureau of Forestry; Mr. B. T. 

 Galloway, Chief of the Bureau of Plant Industry; Professor Tre- 

 lease, Missouri Botanical Garden; Professor Tuomey of Yale 

 University; and Mr. E. H. Harriman, who through Dr. C. H. 

 Merriam of the National Museum allowed the use of several 

 of his copyrighted photographs from Alaska. To those who 

 have contributed drawings the author is indebted as follows: to 

 Professor Margaret C. Ferguson, Wellesley College; Professor 

 Bertha Stoneman of Huguenot College, South Africa; Mr. H. 

 Hasselbring of Chicago; Dr. K. Miyake, formerly of Cornell 

 University and now of Doshisha College, Japan; and Pro- 

 fessors Ikeno and Hirase of the Tokio Imperial University. 

 The author is also indebted to Ginn & Co., Boston, for the 

 privilege to use from his " First Studies of Plant Life " the fol- 

 lowing figures: 28, 29, 46, 48, 49, 56, 62, 66, 67, 87, 102, 103, 

 422-426, 429, 430, 438-440, 443, 444, 448, 449, 45 2 > 47 2 ~475> 4^6, 

 4966, 5140, 5146. A few others are acknowledged in the text. 



CORNELL UNIVERSITY, January, 1905. 



