732 CHARLES PAUL ALEXANDER 



fly, undoubtedly a tipuline form. The larva was found at Chelsea, near 

 Ottawa, on May 27, 1906, by Dr. James Fletcher, the parasite issuing on 

 June 27. The tachinid is to be described as Sturmia tipulensis Tothill. 



The genus Trichoparia is parasitic on Ctenophora and its allies. 



Altho the Tachinidae are the only dipterous parasites that are definitely 

 known from the Tipulidae, the writer has a record of a species of Phaonia, 

 of the family Anthomyiidae, which possibly is a parasite. Among some 

 Diptera sent to Malloch for naming was one specimen of a Phaonia bearing 

 the label " Bred from tipulid pupa, ace. no. 14022." The writer is 

 indebted to R. H. VanZwaluwenburg for the following facts concerning 

 this specimen: The material was taken by Harry L. Parker on June 6, 

 1916, on South Mountain, near Hagerstown, Maryland. Under litter 

 and growth of Virginia creeper on rock a tipulid pupa was found. The 

 pupa had been eaten out inside and there was a hole in the side of its body. 

 About a half inch away from this pupa was found a newly formed pupa 

 of an anthomyiid fly. The adult emerged on June 23, 1916, and was 

 pinned. It is possible, of course, that the Phaonia was merely feeding 

 on the tipulid, as recorded for this genus elsewhere in this paper (page 

 728), and that the species is a predatory enemy rather than a parasite. 



Arachnida. Young mites of species of Trombidium, Rhyncholophus, 

 and other genera of Arachnida, are frequently found attached to the body 

 and the wings of adult crane-flies. This attachment is by anal filaments, 

 and it is doubtful whether any real injury results to the host therefrom. 

 These cases are probably instances of phoresy to provide a means of dis- 

 persal of the mite. At various times the writer has found in northeastern 

 America a large number of adult crane-flies so infested, and practically 

 every genus and many species are included among the number. 



Fungi. Among the enemies of crane-flies, both to the immature and 

 to the adult stages, probably none are more lethal in their action than 

 certain parasitic fungi. The largest groups of insect-fungous parasites 

 are the Entomophthoraceae (Phycomycetes) and the Laboulbeniaceae 

 ( Ascomy cetes) . Dr. Roland Thaxter informs the writer that, altho the 

 latter group infest other Diptera, he has never seen specimens on Tipulidae, 

 and none have been recorded in the literature. The writer is greatly 

 indebted to Dr. Thaxter and to A. T. Speare, Government Mycoentomolo- 

 gist, for data on this subject. Dr. Thaxter sent to the writer for deter- 

 mination a considerable number of specimens of crane-flies with their para- 



