THE CRANE-FLIES OF NEW YORK PART II 751 



directly continuous with the ventral bars of the head capsule. In the 

 Limnophilaria the mentum is represented by a narrow, transverse, 

 chitinized bar, which is delicately grooved with parallel lines. The 

 mentum is lacking in chitinized parts, or apparently so, in many Eriop- 

 terini and in the higher Hexatomini. 



Directly behind the mentum is the prementum, rarely prominent and 

 bearing the two small palpi when they are preserved, as in the Ptychopter- 

 idae. The hypopharynx lies immediately dorsad of the prementum. In 

 the Ptychopteridae this is an enlarged, two-horned, fleshy lobe which 

 is difficult to study. In the Tipulidae the generalized condition, such 

 as occurs in the Limnobiini and the lower Hexatomini, consists of two 

 collar-like chitinized plates whose anterior margins bear from ten to 

 fifteen or more teeth. In the Tipulini this plate is narrow, with the 

 anterior margin few-toothed, there usually being five or in some cases 

 six teeth. In the Pediciini the hypopharynx is labriform; in many 

 Eriopterini it is cushion-shaped and covered with numerous blunt setae. 



The antennae. The antennae are borne on the anterior lateral margin 

 of the capsule, laterad of the labrum. They are one- or two-segmented, 

 and in most cases have one or more apical papillae. De Meijere and 

 others hold that the principal apical papilla constitutes an additional 

 antennal segment. In some cases, however, as in Ula for example, two 

 or even more papillae are found which are very similar to one another 

 except for slight degrees of size. It is difficult in such cases to hold any 

 one of these papillae as a true segment. The writer prefers to consider 

 them as apical sensory papillae, and they are so treated in this paper. 



The primitive antennae are not greatly elongated, and are usually 

 short-cylindrical or subglobular (Ula). An auditory plate, circular in 

 outline and lying on the face of the basal segment, is almost always present. 

 The apical papilla in the Limnophilaria and the Eriopterini is egg-shaped, 

 or oval, and is delicately sculptured by a network of apparently impressed 

 lines. In many species, as for example those of the higher Hexatomini, 

 the apical papillae are very long, tapering to the tips. In many Limno- 

 biini, as for example Limnobia, and in many species of Tipula and related 

 forms, the apical papilla is button-shaped, or disklike, and is often very 

 reduced. 



The mandible. In the primitive type, such as occurs in the eucephalous 

 groups and in the generalized Tipulidae, the mandible is rather com- 



