THE CRANE-FLIES OF NEW YORK PART II 773 



Larvae 



Mentum with outer margin finely serrated; mandibles with three large outer teeth; pseudo- 

 pods small; coloration yellow or brown Ptychopterinae (p. 773) 



Mentum bilobed, not toothed; mandibles with a single large outer tooth; pseudopods prom- 

 inent, each with a conspicuous curved claw; coloration rusty red or black. 



Bittacomorphinae (p. 779) 

 Pupae 



All tarsi lying parallel; wing pads with M branched Ptychopterinae (p. 773) 



Fore tarsi lying above middle tarsi; wing pads with M unbranched. 



Bittacomorphinae (p. 779) 



The immature stages of this group of flies have long been known, having 

 been investigated by Reaumur (1740), Lyonet (1832), and other early 

 workers. The immature stages of the common American species 

 Pty chapter a rufocincta are herein recorded for the first time. The unknown 

 Ptychoptera described by Malloch (1915-17 b: 240-241) is evidently P. 

 lenis O. S. and is here considered as that species. 



The most important literature on the Ptychopteridae is as follows: 



Ptychoptera paludosa Larva, pupa, general. . Reaumur, 1740, pi. 6. 



Ptychoptera paludosa General Wesenberg-Lund, 1915:348-351. 



Ptychoptera lacustris Larva Beling, 1886: 171-172. 



Ptychoptera contaminata Larva, general Van Gehuchten, 1890. (Histol- 

 ogy of the alimentary canal.) 



Ptychoptera albimana General Cameron, 1917:65. 



Ptychoptera albimana Larva, pupa, general. . Topsent, 1914-16. 



Ptychoptera sp. (lenis supp.) Larva Malloch, 1915-17 b: 240-241. 



Ptychoptera sp General Leger and Duboscq, 1909. (Pro- 

 tozoan parasites.) 



Ptychoptera sp Larva, general Grobben, 1876. (Morphology.) 



Ptychoptera sp Larva, general De Meijere, 1916: 188-191, figs. 



14-20. (External morphology.) 



Ptychoptera sp General Lyonet, 1832. 



Bittacomorpha clavipes Larva, pupa, general. . Hart, 1898 [1895]: 189-195. 



Bittacomorpha clavipes. General Needham and Betten, 1901:574. 



Bittacomorpha clavipes General Howard, 1912:95-96. 



Bittacomorpha clavipes Larva, pupa Malloch, 1915-17b: 239-240. 



Bittacomorpha clavipes General Weston and Turner, 1917:53. 



Van der Wulp (1857), Miall (1895), Grunberg (1910), and Brunetti 

 (1912) also give general accounts of the immature stages of Ptychoptera, 

 for the most part taken from the earlier works cited above. 



SUBFAMILY Ptychopterinae 

 Genus Ptychoptera Meigen (Gr. fold + wing) 



1800 Liriope Meig. Nouv. Class. Mouch., p. 14 (nomen nudum). 

 1803 Ptychoptera Meig. Illiger's Mag., vol. 2, p. 262. 

 1856 Ctenoceria Rond. Dipt. Ital. Prodr., vol. 1, p. 187. 



