THE CRANE-FLIES OF NEW YORK PART II 787 



than the others and lying directly over middle tarsi; tarsi of hind and middle legs parallel 

 and extending beyond tips of fore tarsi. Scutal lobes each with about four setiferous tubercles. 

 Thorax and first abdominal segment transversely crenulated. 



Abdomen with transverse bands of chitin much broader than in Ptychoptera, so that they 

 cover almost the entire abdominal surface; these bands with about twelve tubercles on 

 segments 3 and 4, about ten on segment 5, and from six to eight on the posterior segments; 

 tubercles of various sizes, small and somewhat degenerate ones being interspersed with 

 larger ones; tubercles long and slender, each crowned by a circlet or star of from three to 

 six (usually four or five) stout spines (Plate XVIII, 44-46), a setiferous papilla arising 

 from the center of this circlet of spines; spines on pleura longer than those on remainder of 

 abdomen, but not arranged in distinct longitudinal rows as in Ptychoptera, being usually more 

 irregular, in some cases showing three or four more or less distinct rows; these pleural chitin- 

 ized areas usually bearing from two to four tubercles, which are closely approximated basally 

 so as to present a somewhat branched appearance. Male cauda (Plate XVIII, 48) as in 

 Ptychoptera, but dorsal median lobe very short and stout; tubercles on segment immediately 

 before cauda long and slender, similar to those on remainder of abdomen. 



Nepionotype. Ithaca, New York, May 15, 1917. 

 Neanotype. Orono, Maine, June 24, 1913. 

 Paratypes. With the type pupa. 



Malloch's figure of the pupa (1915-17 b: pi. 35, fig. 6) is diagrammatic. 

 It was probably made from a female individual, the antennal sheaths 

 being shorter in this sex than in the male. 



FAMILY Rhyphidae 



Larva. Body eucjphalous, amphipneustic. Mandibles opposed. Eyespots distinct. 

 Spiracles on sides of prothorax. Thoracic and abdominal segments divided by false 

 constrictions. Spiracular disk surrounded by two or five lobes ' (Rhyphinae) or by four 

 lobes (Trichocerinae) , or unprovided with lobes (Mycetobiinae) . 



Pupa. Head with a bilobed setiferous cephalic crest. Palpi stout, straight. Prono- 

 tal breathing horns short, not prominent. Tarsal sheaths lying in pairs, one above 

 another, the fore legs lying on the middle legs, and these latter on the hind legs. Lateral 

 abdominal spiracles small but distinct. 



The family Rhyphidae includes an apparently heterogeneous group 

 of genera which are in reality very closely related. The adults are of 

 diverse appearance, but the immature stages are exceedingly similar to 

 one another and undoubtedly all three of the groups included in the 

 family are closely allied. 



The immature stages of the Rhyphinae (Rhyphus) have been discussed 

 by many entomologists, among others by Johannsen (1910:35-36, 



