788 CHARLES PAUL ALEXANDER 



Rhyphus pundatus) and by Malloch (1915-17 b: 243, R. punctatus). The 

 larvae are often handsomely banded and mottled with brown or purplish. 

 Johannsen and other authors describe the cauda as ending in two short 

 lobes, but Malloch mentions five such lobes. The general structural 

 characters are those described above for the family. The larvae occur 

 in decaying vegetable matter, in manure (especially horse and cow dung), 

 in sewage, and in similar material. 



The Mycetobiinae are represented by Mycetobia, a curious fly which 

 superficially resembles a mycetophilid rather than a crane-fly. Long ago 

 Lyonet, Dufour, Guerin-Me"neville and others described and figured the 

 larva of Mycetobia and noted the eucephalous condition of the head and 

 the amphipneustic spiracles. Osten Sacken (1863) first suspected the 

 affinities of this genus with Rhyphus. More recently, work by Johannsen 

 (1910:31-32), Malloch (1915-17 a, and 1915-17 b: 244-245), Edwards 

 (1916), Knab (1916), and others has definitely settled the relationship 

 of this insect with the Rhyphidae. The larvae and the pupae agree 

 closely with the general family characters discussed above. The larvae 

 occur in decaying wood and about fermenting sap in wounds of trees. 

 The genera Ditomyia Winn. and Symmerus Walk, are now placed in a 

 separate family from Mycetobia, the Ditomyiidae (Keilin, 1919). 



Until recently, the Trichocerinae have been considered as being mem- 

 bers of the family Tipulidae. They include only the genus Trichocera, 

 with about twenty-five nominal species, and, presumably, Ischnothrix 

 Bigot, represented by a single species from Cape Horn. From the general 

 appearance of the adult, these flies have usually been referred to the tribe 

 Limnophilini, in a position near the genus Limnophila. Brunetti (1912) 

 referred them to the Pediciini, and most other recent workers have accorded 

 them tribal or subfamily rank in the Tipulidae. Bezzi (1914:214), 

 influenced by the work of Keilin (1912), referred Trichocera to the 

 Rhyphidae, but later (1918a:20) placed it back in the Tipulidae (as Lim- 

 nobiidae). Malloch (1915-17b:234) likewise places Trichocera with the 

 Tipulidae, but mentions the close resemblance of the larva to that of 

 Rhyphus. The best discussions of the morphology of the larva and the 

 pupa are those by Keilin (1912) and De Meijere (1916:191-194), both 

 of whom were strongly impressed by the striking resemblance of the larva 

 to that of Rhyphus. In the present paper, the Trichocerinae is the only 

 group considered in detail. 



