

THE CRANE-FLIES OF NEW YORK PART II 793 



5. Dorsal abdominal segments with two slender spines before margin. 



Cylindrotominae, pars (p. 959) 

 Dorsal abdominal segments with four or more teeth or spines before margin. 



Tipulinae, pars (p. 974) 



SUBFAMILY Limnobiimie 



The subfamily Limnobiinae includes a vast assemblage of usually 

 small crane-flies. Only a few genera approach the ordinary size of the 

 other principal subfamily, the Tipulinae, such genera being Limnobia, 

 Psaronius, Limnophila, Eriocera, Pedicia, and a few others. 



The writer has endeavored to key the immature stages of tribes, sub- 

 tribes, and genera. As has been stated elsewhere, the keys are based 

 almost entirely on material seen by the writer, and additional specimens 

 of other species will undoubtedly modify the arrangement very con- 

 siderably. It is believed, however, that the keys as given will at least 

 furnish suggestions or a basis for succeeding work. The characters 

 given in the keys, in so far as is possible, are those that can be seen with- 

 out making a detailed dissection of the specimen. However, for most 

 species it is necessary to study the larval head, as already outlined (page 

 741). The character of " head massive " or " head rodlike " can often 

 be detected thru the larval integument without dissection. The spi- 

 racular disk is usually studied without especial difficulty. 



The immature stages of the majority of the species are spent in moist 

 earth, usually near water. Some are nearly, if not quite, aquatic (Antocha, 

 Elliptera, some Dicranomyia) ; others are fungicolous (Ula, some Lim- 

 nobia); several live under the bark of trees (some Dicranomyia, some 

 Rhipidia, Discobola, Gnophomyia, Teucholabis, Elephantomyia, and 

 others); one, at least, mines in the leaves of plants (Dicranomyia). 



The habits of the various genera and, species are discussed in greater 

 detail under the respective titles. The following keys separate the 

 tribes and the subtribes of the subfamily Limnobiinae: 



Larvae 



1. Spiracular disk provided with two long ventral lobes 2 



Spiracular disk not as above 3 



2. Spiracles lacking or vestigial; mentum not completely divided medially; hypopharynx a 



chitinized double comb; species aquatic, in silken cases. 



Limnobiini, subtribe Antocharia (p. 799) 



Spiracles large, prominent, exposed; mentum completely divided medially; hypopharynx 

 labriform Pediciini (p. 894) 



3. Spiracular disk surrounded by four or five lobes r 4 



Spiracular disk surrounded by three lobes or without distinct lobes 19 



