THE CRANE-FLIES OF NEW YORK PART II 797 



large and simple in structure; the cardo and stipes are large; the palpus is 

 flattened. The antennae have the apical segment or papilla ranging from 

 elongate, in Dicranoptycha, to very flattened and disklike, in Limnobia 

 and its allies. The mandibles are usually of simple structure, with one or 

 two dorsal teeth and from three to seven teeth in the ventral cutting 

 row. 



The spiracles are lacking in some species, at least, of Antocha. The 

 spiracular disk is surrounded in Rhamphidia by five subequal lobes, in 

 Dicranoptycha by four slender, naked lobes; in many Limnobaria the lobes 

 are lacking or indistinct. 



The larvae of many of the species are able to spin silken cocoons or 

 tubes in which they live. These tubes are open at both ends, and are 

 usually covered exteriorly with particles of extraneous matter gathered 

 in the larval haunts. 



The pupae usually lack a distinct setiferous cephalic crest, altho one 

 is present in Rhamphidia and in Dicranoptycha. The pronotal breathing 

 horns are usually large, and are either subcircular, or wider than long (most 

 Limnobaria), rarely elongate (Rhamphidaria), very large, earlike, and 

 contiguous or practically so on the median line (Ellipteraria), or branched 

 into eight long filaments (Antocharia) ; in the Dicranoptycharia, how- 

 ever, they are microscopic. The abdominal segments on the basal ring 

 often show a transverse welt of small hairs or a double convergent row of 

 chitinized hooks; in Discobola, Rhamphidia, and Dicranoptycha, how- 

 ever, this is apparently not the case, the abdominal armature being more 

 eriopterine or hexatomine in appearance. The eighth abdominal seg- 

 ment often bears a pair of dorsal spiracles; these are apparently lacking 

 in some species (Antocha saxicola) and are small in most Limnobaria, but 

 are large and functional in Rhamphidia. 



The following keys separate the subtribes of the tribe Limnobiini: 



Larvae 



1. Body ending in two long vertral lobes; spiracles lacking or very reduced; forms strictly 



aquatic Antocharia (p. 799) 



Body not as above; spiracles large 2 



2. Body with ventral and dorsal welts on abdominal segments 3 



Body with ventral welts only 4 



3. Spiracular disk surrounded by four lobes which are provided with long fringes of hair; 



dorsal welts microscopically spiculose; ventral welts naked; species aquatic. 



Ellipteraria (p. 806) 

 Spiracular disk not as above; dorsal and ventral welts alike Limnobaria (p. 808) 



