802 CHARLES PAUL ALEXANDER 



and unlike the somewhat similar-appearing pupa of the Simuliidae, which 

 rests with the head upstream, against the current, the pupal case being 

 open at the cephalic end only. 



These curious larvae were first noted at Ithaca, New York, in mid- 

 April, in Cascadilla Creek. They were common in situations such as 

 described above. Larvae were found thruout most of April, May, and 

 June; they would probably be seen in somewhat fewer numbers thru 

 most of the summer season, since the adult flies have a long seasonal 

 appearance. The first pupa was found on May 15, 1917, but the season 

 that year was very backward and undoubtedly the species pupates earlier 

 in more nearly normal seasons. 



In Cascadilla and Fall Creeks, at Ithaca, the immature stages of Antocha 

 are usually associated with a fauna of rapid-water (lotic) forms, the 

 following being the more notable and constant: 



Planarians. Planaria sp. 



Ephemeridae. Nymphs of Baetis, Leptophlebia, Ephemerella, Ecdyurus, 

 -Epeorus, Iron, Heptagenia, Chirotenetes, and others. 



Perlidae. Nymphs of Pteronarcys, Perla immarginata Say, Acro- 



neuria, Neoperla, and others. 



Trichoptera. Larvae and pupae of Helicopsyche (abundant), Hydro- 

 psyche, Hydropsychodes, Ithytrichia, Rhyacophila, Lep- 

 tocerus, Poly cent ropus, and others. 



Lepidoptera. Larvae and pupae of Elophila. 



Coleoptera. Larvae of Psephenus. 



Diptera. Larvae and pupae of Blepharocera, Simulium, Ortho- 



cladius, Tanytarsus, and others. 



Early hi spring the rocks are plastered with dense coatings of Diato- 

 maceae (Navicula, Synedra, Meridion, and other genera), which later 

 in the season become much rarer or disappear entirely. It is often impos- 

 sible to tell the case of Antocha from that of some very similar caddis- 

 worm cases, especially some of the glossosomatine Rhyacophilidae. Dr. 

 Noyes found larvae of Antocha in a small, rapid-flowing stream neai 

 Ringwood Hollow, and here the cases were covered with tiny pebbles 

 and it was quite impossible to distinguish them superficially from asso- 

 ciated caddis- worm cases. In Cascadilla Creek the little cases of Heli- 

 copsyche often plaster the upper surfaces of submerged rocks, and the 

 writer has found tubes, of Antocha that were almost buried beneath these 

 cases. 



