THE CRANE-FLIES OF NEW YORK PART II 809 



Pupae 



1. The five basal abdominal segments on both dorsum and venter with a comb of small, 



blunt teeth; wing sheaths showing an ocellate pattern; pupae living beneath bark of 



coniferous trees Discobola O. S. (p. 815) 



Abdominal segments provided with basal transverse welts of microscopic points on seg- 

 ments 3 to 7 ; wing pattern not ocellate 2 



2. Pronotal breathing horns long and narrow, about three times as long as broad. 



Rhipidia Meig. (p. 825) 

 Pronotal breathing horns short and broad, length and breadth not greatly different 3 



3. Size large (usually over 10 mm.) ; breathing horns often broader than long. 



Limnobia Meig. (p. 809) 

 Size smaller (usually under 10 mm.) ; breathing horns usually as long as broad. 



Dicranomyia Steph. (p. 819) 



Genus Limnobia Meigen (Gr. swamp + I live) 



1800 Amphinome Meig. Nouv. Class. Mouch., p. 15 (nomen nudum, preoccupied in 



Annelida). 



1803 Limonia Meig. Illiger's Mag., vol. 2, p. 262. 

 1818 Limnobia Meig. Syst. Beschr. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, p. 116. 

 1818 Unormjia Meig. Syst. Beschr. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, p. 116. 

 1856 Limnomyza Rond. Dipt. Ital. Prodr., vol. 1, p. 185. 



Larva." Form stout, terete. Abdominal segments with dorsal and ventra* transverse 

 welts covered with chitinized points on basal rings. Spiracular disk surrounded by indis- 

 tinct lobes, the spiracles large. Head capsule large, massive, the dorsal plate narrowed 

 behind and more or less bifid at its tip. Labrum transversely oval, with sensory bristles 

 near margin. Mandible blunt, with from four to seven cutting teeth. Maxilla simple, 

 cardo and stipes large. Antenna with apical papilla button-like. Mentum broad, margin 

 with from eleven to thirteen teeth. Hypopharynx a circlet of two chitinized plates, each 

 with from twelve to fifteen teeth. 



Pupa.- No cephalic crest. Pronotal breathing horns flattened, earlike, as broad as, or 

 broader than, long. Meson otum unarmed. Abdomen with transverse welts of fine hooks 

 on basal annuli of tergites 3 to 7 and stern ites 5 to 7. Two tiny ^piracies on dorsum of 

 eighth abdomina) segment. 



Limnobia is a rather small genus (comprising about forty-five species) 

 of usually large and handsome flies. The species are most numerous 

 thruout the Holarctic and Ethiopian regions. The immature stages have 

 a wide range of habitat. 



Of the European species, Limnobia bifasciata Schr. [= L. xanthoptera 

 Meig.] is characteristically fungicolous, the larvae occurring in various 

 species of Agaricus and related genera as stated by Stannius, Pastejrik, 

 De Meijere, and other investigators. L. decemmaculata Lw. occurs in 

 fungi (Daedalea and similar species), as recorded by Loew (1873) and by 

 Verrall (1912). L. quadrimaculata (Linn.) [= L. annulus Meig.] often 

 occurs in tree fungi but is not confined to this habitat. This species, 



