810 CHARLES PAUL ALEXANDER 



L. macrostigma Schum., and L. obscuricornis Bel. are often found in decay- 

 ing, principally deciduous, wood. L. tripunctata Fabr., L. sexpunctata 

 Fabr. [=L. nigropunctata Schum.], L. flavipes Fabr., and L. nubeculosa 

 Meig. are found in humous earth and beneath leaves in woods. The 

 pupal duration of L. quadrimaculata is from eight to twelve days, and this 

 species, as well as others of the genus, pupates in the ground, inclosed in 

 delicate silken cases which are covered with particles of earth and other 

 matter. 



In America, L. triocellata 0. S. is characteristically fungicolous. L. 

 cinctipes Say, and presumably L. immatura 0. S., are found both in fungi 

 and in decaying wood. L. indigena 0. S. has been found in living tulip 

 roots from Greenville, South Carolina (Greene, ms.). L. fallax Johns., 

 and presumably L. solitaria O. S., live in organic mud near water. L. 

 parietina 0. S. probably has a similar habitat, since it was found in tent 

 traps set over Beaver Meadow Brook in the Adirondacks (Needham, 

 1908 a: 171). 



Limnobia cinctipes Say 



1823 Limnobia cinctipes Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 3, p. 21, no. 4. 



Limnobia cinctipes is one of the largest and commonest American species 

 of the genus Limnobia. It has been reared many times, some of the 

 records being as follows: 



On July 23, 1883, Pergande collected larvae in an old fungus growing 

 on rotten wood. On July 20, 1886, the same species of larvae was found 

 constructing silken cases thru the fungus, and later in the ground for 

 pupation. The pupae were active, and were able to draw back and forth 

 in their tubes. Adults began to issue on July 28, showing the pupal 

 stage in this case to be not more than eight clays. 



On April 25, 1912, a number of specimens of this species were received 

 from W. H. Shideler, of Miami University, Ohio. The specimens were 

 taken at Oxford, Ohio, on April 20, when several hundred larvae and 

 pupae were found in an old dry log. The young pupae in the wood are 

 not covered with particles of debris, but the older pupae are inclosed in 

 a case which is covered with wood fragments, only the top of the head and 

 the tip of the abdomen projecting beyond the case. When the pupae 

 are about to transform, the insect emerges to about half its length and the 



