THE CRANE-FLIES OF NEW YORK PART II 839 



Genus Ula Haliday (Gr. so/0 



1833 Ula Hal. Ent. Mag., vol. 1, p. 153. 



1864 Macroptera Lioy. Atti dell' Institut Veneto, ser. 3, vol. 9, p. 224. 



Larva.^- Body covered with a short pubescence. Basal annuli of abdominal segments 

 2 to 7 with a transverse creeping-welt on ventral surface. Spiracular disk squarely trun- 

 cated, surrounded by five subequal lobes which are fringed with very short hairs. Head 

 capsule massive, prefrontal sclerite very large, tapering to a point behind. Labrum large, 

 conspicuous, with tufts of hairs. Mandible slender; ventral cutting edge with five teeth; 

 a tuft of hairs on prosthecal region. Maxilla simple; palpus large. Antenna very small; 

 basal segment subglobular, with two apical sensory papillae. Mentum not deeply divided 

 behind; outer plate with three apical teeth; inner plate adding three additional teeth to each 

 side. Hypopharynx not chitinized. 



Pupa.- Cephalic crest small, setae tiny. Pronotal breathing horns long, tapering to 

 subacute, flattened apices. Wing sheaths ending opposite base of third abdominal seg- 

 ment. Leg sheaths ending at about midlength of sixth abdominal segment. Abdominal 

 segments on tergites and on apical sternites with transverse bands of microscopic points, 

 producing a shagreened appearance; dorsal spiracles on segment 8 conspicuous. 



The genus Ula includes only six described species, of which three are 

 European, two are North American, and one is Javanese. 



The adult flies of the American species are commonest in spring and 

 late summer. They frequent cool, shaded gorges and ravines, or dark 

 woods in mountainous regions, and may be swept from beds of low vege- 

 tation, such as ferns, yew, and other species. 



The larvae of all the known species live in various species of fungi, 

 but go to earth for pupation. 



In Europe the common genotype, Ula macroptera (Macq.), has been 

 discussed rather frequently in the literature. Stannius (1829:205) found 

 the larvae in a species of Agaricus. Ferris (1849:337-341) furnishes a 

 brief account of the species, from which the following notes are taken: 

 The fungus in which the larvae were found was Hydnum erinaceum Bull, 

 growing on the trunks of living oak trees. The larvae are gregarious 

 and frequent galleries in the fungus, along which they progress by means 

 of their mandibles, by their ambulatory feet, and by the short hairs that 

 cover the body. They were found in the month of November. A month 

 later they went into the earth, where they transformed as pupae. The 

 pupae bear a strong resemblance to those of Limnophila, but differ in 

 the shape of the pronotal breathing horns. In February and March the 

 pupae come to the surface of the earth and the adults emerge. The 



