948 CHARLES PAUL ALEXANDER 



curiously combines the structural characters of Cladura, Pterochionea, 

 and Crypteria. In the long basal fusion-segment of the antennal flagellum 

 and in the wing venation, it agrees with Pterochionea and, to a somewhat 

 lesser degree, with Cladura. In the structure of the male hypopygium, 

 which has two slender pleural appendages, it departs widely from the 

 type of typical Cladura, Chionea, and Pterochionea, and agrees better 

 with Crypteria, as well as with Conosia v. d. W. and Lecteria O. S. 

 Because of this combination of characters, Neocladura must be separated 

 in some manner from Cladura in the strict sense. It must be borne in 

 mind, however, that the conspicuous difference in the structure of the 

 male hypopygium probably has a phylogenetic significance, and the two 

 flies may not be so closely united as this arrangement would indicate.^ 

 The habits of the adult flies of Cladura and Neocladura are generally 

 similar. Both species fly in late summer and in the autumn. They 

 often occur on dry, wooded hillsides remote from streams and other 

 bodies of water. The habits of the adult flies of Cladura flavoferruginea 

 have been discussed by the writer in an earlier paper (Alexander, 1910:250, 

 as C. indivisa). His observations, made near Gloversville, New York, on 

 September 22, 1909, are as follows: 



I went to Simmon's Woods, southeast of Gloversville, New York, this afternoon, and 

 was very agreeably surprised at the occurrence, in large numbers, of this usually uncommon 

 insect. Near the entrance of the woods, where Simmon's Brook emerges, the insects were 

 found in numbers. At each step they flew out of the bushes to others farther away. They 

 are wary insects, and when sitting on the upper side of a leaf, slip over the edge and hang 

 inverted from the lower side when alarmed by an observer. They present a very character- 

 istic attitude, sitting on the leaf of a tree, with their wings folded flat over the abdomen, and 

 the six long legs stretched out over the leaf. A few were taken in copulation; these were 

 all hanging on the under side of a leaf. Their habit of clinging to the under surface of a leaf 

 is quite remarkable and I found several by looking for them there. 



There were hundreds of specimens in the low bushes of the woods, usually on the broad 

 leaves of deciduous trees at a height of two or three feet. Sometimes they would alight 

 on hemlock, and, occasionally, in ferns near the ground. It was the only tipulid observed 

 here to-day. 



The eggs of C. delicatula have been taken from gravid females. They 

 are comparatively few in number, but because of their unusual size they 

 almost fill the entire abdominal cavity of the fly. These large eggs are 

 elongate-ovate in shape. 



Cladura flavoferruginea O. S. 



1859 Cladura flavoferruginea 0. S. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., pi. 4, fig. 34. 

 1861 Cladura indivisa O. S. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 291. 



