THE JCRANE-FLIES OF NEW YORK PART II 961 



Liogma glabrata Larva, pupa, general . . . Miiggenberg, 1901. 



Liogma glabrata Larva, general Da Rossi, 1902. 



Liogma glabrata General Alexander, 1914 : 106-107. 



Liogma glabrata Larva, pupa, general. . . Lenz, 1920 b: 117-121. 



Liogma nodicornis Larva, pupa, general. . . Alexander, 1914: 107-115. 



Triogma trisulcata Larva, general Steinmann, 1907-08. 



Triogma trisulcata Larva, pupa, general . . Muller, 1908-09. 



Triogma trisulcata Larva, general Wesenberg-Lund, 1915:347-348 (as 



Liogma glabrata). 



Triogma trisulcata Larva, pupa, general.. . Lenz, 1920 b: 121-127. 



Genus Phalacrocera Schiner (Gr. bald + horn) 



1863 Phalacrocera Schin. Wien. Ent. Monatschr., vol. 7, p. 224. 



Larva. Body covered with numerous elongate, trachea-bearing filaments, the posterior 

 pair on dorsal segments deeply forked, the others simple. Spiracular disk with dorsal pair 

 of lobes formed by rudimentary posterior branch of branched filaments of eighth abdominal 

 segment. Head capsule compact. Mentum with about fifteen teeth. 



Pupa.' Cephalic crest low, not setiferous. Pronotal breathing horns long, almost 

 straight. Dorsal abdominal segments with tubercles, those of sixth and eighth segments 

 enlarged into spinous hooks; two pointed tubercles on seventh sternite. 



Phalacrocera is a small genus (four species) of medium-sized to large, 

 dull-colored flies, of which the genotype, Phalacrocera replicata, is Euro- 

 pean, P. mikado Alex, is Japanese, and the two remaining species are 

 North American. 



The adult flies of the American species are not common, the best- known, 

 P. tipulina 0. S., being most frequently found in or near sphagnum bogs in 

 mountainous localities. Needham (1908 a : 209) found the wings of an indi- 

 vidual of this species in the pitcher plant, SarraceniapurpureaLmn., in the 

 Adirondack Mountains, together with the wings of four specimens of Ele- 

 phantomyia westwoodi and numerous other insects. Most of the specimens 

 that have been found by the writer were taken in close proximity to bogs. 



The immature stages of Phalacrocera replicata have long been known, 

 having been described by De Geer and other early workers on insect 

 biology. More recently the life history, anatomy, and morphology have 

 been discussed in commendable detail by several other writers (page 960). 

 Both the larvae and the pupae are aquatic, living among submerged 

 plants in quiet, but non-stagnant, water. 



The immature stages of P. tipulina are very much to be desired, as 

 the adult shows some features in its organization not found in the other 

 species of the genus. 6 



6 The larva of this species was discovered by J. Speed Rogers in 1920. 



