THE CRANE-FLIES OF NEW YORK PART II 971 



Pupae 



Pronotal breathing horns directed cephalad and dorsad; mesonotum bearing two pairs of 

 spines, the more anterior being the smaller, situated just behind breathing horns, posterior 

 pair the larger; metanotum with two pairs of spines; abdomen with first tergite bearing 

 two pairs of spines, the first having two lateral branches, the second simple; second tergite 

 bearing two pairs of spines, the first with two lateral branches, the second with one branch; 

 third tergite bearing three pairs of spines, the first very short and simple, the second with 

 two lateral branches, the third with one branch; tergites 4 and 5 with three pairs of branches, 

 the first two similar to those of third segment, the last possessing two lateral 

 branches glabrata (Meig ) (p. 969) 



Pronotal breathing horns directed cephalad and ventrad; mesonotum spineless; metanotum 

 with one pair of spines; abdominal tergites bearing but a single pair of appendages, which 

 are unbranched and correspond in position to the last or more posterior of those of the 

 European species nodicornis (O. S.) (p. 971) 



Liogma nodicornis (0. S.) ^ 



1865 Triogma nodicornis 0. S. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 4, p. 239. 

 1869 Cylindrotoma nodicornis O. S. Mon. Dipt. N. Amer., part 4, p. 301. 

 1887 Liogma nodicornis 0. S. Berl. Ent. Ztschr., vol. 31, p. 226. 



Liogma nodicornis, the only American species of the genus, is widely 

 distributed thruout the Northeastern States. The larvae are found in 

 moss Hypnum cupressiforme Linn, and related species. They are the 

 most sluggish of any crane-flies known to the writer, moving only with 

 great slowness and much of the time appearing to be quite dead. They 

 crawl about among the stems of their host plant and probably never leave 

 it, even to pupate. The pupal duration indoors is not more than six 

 days. Further details of the life history are given by the writer in an 

 earlier paper (Alexander, 1914). 



Larva. Length, 14.5-15 mm. 

 Width, 3 mm. 

 Depth, 2.5 mm. 



Color of live larva light green, the numerous spines covering the body darker; sides with 

 seven black marks, the first on first abdominal segment, the last on seventh abdominal 

 segment; the marks on ends the smallest and least distinct, the five intermediate marks 

 large and conspicuous; these marks all lying parallel to one another; posterior face of ventral 

 lobes surrounding stigmal field intensely black. 



Prothorax in front (Plate LXXXV, 462) sloping from anterior end, on ventral slope provided 

 with liplike lobes, with a transverse slit from which head capsule is exserted; upper lip the 

 higher, not strongly chitinized, provided with a few small, scattered bristles, these more 

 numerous on sides of lobe; lower lip not so high, with small, scattered bristles not arranged 

 in a row as in L. glabrata: at angle of slit a small rounded lobe bearing a small bristle. Dorsal 

 body appendages reduced to a pair of lobes in front, separated by a space a little greater 

 than diameter of one, and a pair of smaller lobes behind, very widely separated; lateral body 

 appendages long, conspicuous; ventral body appendages not apparent. Meso- and meta- 

 thorax swollen and arched ventrally like prothorax; dorsal appendages two, a small conical 



