CHARLES PAUL ALEXANDER 



Subtribe Ctenophoraria 



Genus Ctenophora Meigen (Gr. comb + to bear) 



1800 Flabellifera Meig. Nouv. Class. Mouch., p. 13 (nomen nudum). 



1803 Ctenophora Meig. Illiger's Mag., vol. 2, p. 263. 



1910 Phoroctenia Coq. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, p. 589. 



Larva. Body opaque, integument rather thick. Spiracular disk surrounded by six lobes. 



Pupa. Sheaths of maxillary palpi recurved. Pronotal breathing horns long and slender 

 Two spines on mesonotum. Fore and middle tarsi subequal, a little shorter than hind 

 tarsi. Ventral abdominal segments with six to eight spines. 



Ctenophora is a small genus including about sixteen nominal species 

 found thruout the Holarctic region. The larvae and the pupae occur 

 in decaying wood. The early stages have long been known, having been 

 described by Reaumur and Ds Geer. 



In Europe, Ctenophora flaveolata (Fabr.) is described and figured by 

 Reaumur (1740) and by Weyenbergh (1872). C. pectinicornis (Linn.) 

 is described or mentioned by Bouche* (1834), by Fischer von Waldheim 

 (1838), by Zetterstedt (1851:4014), by Weyenbergh (1872), and by 

 Kaltenbach (1874). C. f estiva Meig. was reared by Kaltenbach (1874:631) 

 from larvae in decayed beech stems. C. nigricoxa Lundst. (Malpighia 

 vittata Meig., auct. Frey) was reared by Lundstrom (1906:7) from pupae 

 in rotten birch stumps. The immature stages of the various European 

 species of Ctenophora are described as living in the wood of various 

 trees such as willow (Salix), birch (Betula), cherry (Prunus), and other 

 hardwood species. 



In North America, C. apicata is described by Johannsen (1910) from 

 elm (Ulmus), and C. angustipennis Loew by Anthon (1908) in alder (Alnus) 

 and in poplar (Populus), The latter species is recorded also as injuring 

 prune trees (Prunus) in Oregon, by Lovett (1915), who gives an excellent 

 account of all stages and the type of injury done. The female lays from 

 200 to 400 eggs, which hatch in from nine to seventeen days and the 

 larvae tunnel into the surrounding dead wood. Here they feed and grow, 

 reaching maturity the following spring. Pupation takes place in the 

 burrows, the pupal stage requiring about ten days. Osten Sacken 

 (1877:211) supposed that the larvae live in the stumps of redwood 

 (Sequoia), but this has never been confirmed. 



Ctenophora apicata O. S. 



1864 Ctenophora apicata O. S. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 3, p. 46. 



