996 CHARLES PAUL ALEXANDER 



near anterior lateral margin of posterior ring; pleurites with a spine on basal ring and two 

 transverse spines on posterior ring. Cauda with six strong dorsal lobes. 



Prionocera is a small genus (about a dozen species) of usually far northern 

 flies of somber coloration. The only species found in eastern North 

 America is Prionocera fuscipennis, discussed below. The immature 

 stages are somewhat similar to those of Holorusia. The apparent similarity 

 of the pupa to that of Longurio is probably not indicative of a very close 

 relationship. 



The immature stages have been discussed but little in the literature. 

 The "Tipula sp. No. 1" of Malloch (1915-17 b: 199-200) refers to P. fusci- 

 pennis. The immature stages of a species supposed to be P. parri (Kirby) 

 have been discussed and figured by the writer in his report on the Canadian- 

 Arctic Tipulidae (Alexander, 1919 c: 19c-20c). 



The name Stygeropis has been in use for many years under the belief 

 that the earlier name Prionocera was preoccupied in the Coleoptera. 

 Dr. Bergroth states that this is not so and that Prionocera should be 

 used. 



Prionocera fuscipennis (Loew) 



1865 Stygeropis fuscipennis Loew. Berl. Ent. Ztschr., vol. 9, p. 129. 



C. H. Kennedy found two cast pupal skins among Sparganium stems 

 in Ringwood Hollow, Ithaca, New York, on November 20, 1916. Several 

 larvae had been found here in the preceding July, and some others were 

 found on June 4, 1917 (No. 106-1917), in a cat-tail swamp near Bool's 

 hillside, Ithaca, where they were associated with the characteristic helo- 

 phytic crane-fly fauna (Bittacomorpha, Rhamphidia flavipes, Pseudolim- 

 nophila luteipennis, Pilaria recondita, Tipula tricolor, and other species). 

 Malloch's material was taken in Wisconsin in May. Dr. Needharn has 

 reared the species near Lake Forest, Illinois. 



Larva. Length, 18-22 mm. 

 Diameter, 2-2.2 mm. 



Coloration dark brown, in some cases with a pale dorse-median stripe. 



Form terete, tapering gradually to anterior end of body. Segments with several scattered 

 elongate setae. Spiracular disk (Plate XCI, 502) surrounded by six long, finger-like lobes 

 which are delicately fringed with long hairs; ventral lobes considerably the longest; lateral 

 lobes a little larger and stouter than dorsal lobes; all the lobes broadly margined with dark 

 brown, these marks expanding at inner ends; on ventral lobes, lateral margin expanded at inner 



