THE CRANE-FLIES OF NEW YORK PART II 1001 



The life histories of other Nearctic species are recorded in the sum- 

 mary of literature on page 980. These are as follows: Tipula arctica 

 Curt. (Nielsen, Alexander), T. eluta Loew (Hart, Malloch), T. cunctans 

 Say (Hyslop, Malloch), T. bicornis Forbes (Forbes), and T. ultima Alex. 

 (Needham, Caudell). T. arctica, according to Nielsen (1910:57-59), was 

 found commonly in eastern Greenland. The immature stages were dis- 

 covered in circular holes from two to three centimeters deep in the ground, 

 especially beneath tufts of Cassiope tetragona (L.) D. Don. The pupae 

 were found at the end of June, and empty pupa cases were found as early 

 as the 25th of the same month. According to Nielsen, the larvae require 

 two years to attain their growth. 



Tipula (Trichotipula) oropezoides Johns. 



1909 Tipula oropezoides Johns. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 34, p. 131-132. 



Larvae of Tipula oropezoides were first found on March 30, 1917, living 

 beneath saturated moss in Needham J s Glen, Ithaca, New York, where 

 they were associated with larvae of Dicranomyia badia, Penthoptera 

 albitarsis, Tipula collaris, and other species. Numerous additional larvae 

 were found in the same locality on April 18, 1917. Some of these were 

 placed in rearing and emerged on May 6. The larvae are nocturnal in 

 their habits, being very sluggish and retiring during the day but becoming 

 active after sunset. 



The adult flies bear a strong resemblance to species of the genus Oropeza, 

 with which they are sometimes found associated. They may often be 

 swept from rank herbage in cool Canadian woods. 



Larva. Length, 16.5-17 mm. 

 Diameter, 1.8-2 mm. 



Coloration above, a deep velvety brown with mottlings of paler; on basal ring of tergites 

 six median transverse pale spots, posterior ring less regularly marked; pleura and venter 

 pale. (The dark markings on the dorsum are produced by patches of dark-colored hairs, 

 which cover the body densely in places.) 



Form subterete. Integument with an abundant pubescence, longest on dorsum. Chaeto- 

 taxy as follows: dorsum (Plate XCIII, 516) on posterior ring with six stout setae, three on 

 either side, the middle seta a little closer to the inner seta; ventral segments (Plate XCIII, 

 517) with four setae, two anterior and two posterior, the latter a little more separated. 

 Spiracular disk (Plate XCIII, 518) surrounded by six approximately subequal lobes, their 

 inner faces heavily lined with dark brown; at tip of each lobe a pale rounded spot, largest on 

 ventral lobes and here with a sensory bristle; lateral mark not reaching spiracles; lateral 

 and dorsal lobes slightly paler medially; above and below each spiracle a transverse brown 



