THE CRANE-FLIES OF NEW YORK PART II 1005 



Tipula bella is a common species, flying thruout the summer. Larvae 

 and pupae are not rare in sandy or loamy soil along streams. A larva 

 taken on April 28, 1917, in gravel at Ithaca, New York, where it was 

 associated with larvae of Hexatoma, was placed in rearing. It emerged 

 as an adult male on May 15. On May 27, 1913, three fully colored pupae 

 were found along the sandy banks of Fall Creek, Ithaca, in association 

 with Eriocera spinosa. They emerged as females on May 29 and 30. 



Larva. (The description is from field notes on the larva mentioned above.) 

 Length, 20-25 mm. 



Coloration light grayish brown, with a slight reddish cast most noticeable on venter; 

 dorsum with two narrow, almost continuous, dark brown lines, these lines subparallel at 

 anterior part of each segment, then strongly bellied out, and then parallel but finally 

 divergent. 



Spiracular disk surrounded by six rather short lobes; ventral lobes with a linear, rather 

 pale, brown mark, and a few sensory bristles at tips; lateral lobes with ventral margin lined 

 with brown; dorsal lobes with both margins feebly bordered with brown; two small brown 

 dots below each spiracle. Anal gills six, very long and slender. 



Pupa. Length of cast pupal skin, about 24 mm. 



Pupa similar to pupae of other species of genus. Pronotal breathing horns short, 

 cylindrical, narrowed to tips. Spines on abdominal segments rather large, especially on 

 sternites; spines on base of posterior ring of sternites small but evident. Female cauda 

 with dorsal valves long, pointed; sternal valves shorter. Cauda with the usual six lobes 

 on dorsum, the four posterior stout, divergent, spinous-tipped, the anterior median pair 

 much smaller; venter of segment 8 with three strong spines on either side, gradually smaller 

 from lateral spine toward innermost spine. 



Neanotype. Ithaca, New York, reared May 25, 1917. 



Paratypes Pupal skins, type locality, May 5, 1914 (No. 42-1914); August, 1911; May 

 25, 1917; etc. 



Tipula caloptera Loew 



1863 Tipula caloptera Loew. Berl. Ent. Ztschr., vol. 7, p. 292. 



The vigorous larva of Tipula caloptera is one of the largest and most 

 striking in the family. The larvae live in rapid- or slow-flowing streams 

 either in the water among debris and under stones, or in the sand, gravel, 

 or mud in very close proximity to the water. Here they are associated 

 with the larvae of various species of Eriocera, Erioptera armata, Tabanus, 

 Atherix, and other forms. Oftentimes they are found in deep water in 

 exceedingly lotic situations. A larva placed in rearing on April 19, 1917, 

 emerged as an adult female on May 13. 



