a flue passing through the floor into the centre of the drum. An outlet at the back 

 of the drum connects with a flue running up the back of the house which allows 

 fumes to pass off. The temperature may be controlled by the use of thermostats. 

 This system involves the same principles as in the round-hover brooding. 



Instead of using gasolene with the galvanized-iron drum, the same kind of a 

 brooder may be heated by means of hot-water pipes. One-inch pipes run lengthwise 

 of the hover, being slightly lower at one end than the other. At the low end, heat 

 is supplied either by kerosene or coal. 



Many poultrynien o f California have discarded this method, and have adopted 

 the comparatively new method of " room " brooding. This brooder-house is generally 

 20 feet long by 12 wide, and is divided into two equal parts. In each room is a 

 distillate burner, which heats the room for about 1,000 to 1,400 chickens. In the 

 upper right-hand corner is placed a galvanized-iron tank. This is the supply-tank 

 for the burner. Three grades of oil engine, No. 28, and No. 34 may be used, but 

 the engine-oil is more satisfactory than either of the other grades. All of these 

 grades are extracts of the crude oil. From the supply-tank the oil passes through 

 pipes under the floor to the burner. The burner is in the centre of the stove, and 

 from the base of the stove a pipe reaches up to and through the ceiling. About 

 3 feet from the floor a large umbrella-shaped hover is attached to the pipe. When 

 the burner has become sufficiently hot to convert the oil into gas, the burner-valve 

 is turned on and the gas is ignited. The adoption of this method would only be 

 justified on large poultry plants. There are quite a number of the room brooders in 

 use in the Province at the present time. In some cases the owners have reverted 

 back to the small individual hover, and in others the owners swear by the room- 

 brooder method. 



An expensive way of raising chicks. Chicks kept in such small 

 quarters cost more to rear, inasmuch as everything they consume 

 has to be provided for them, and in addition the ground becomes 

 " chicken-tainted," causing disease and mortality. In such quarters 

 chicks need to be supplied with green food. There is no comparison 

 as regards constitution, vigour, and size, between chicks reared in 

 such quarters and those raised on free range, such as orchard, corn, 

 or pasture land. 



THE CONTINUOUS OR PIPE BROODER SYSTEM. 



This system is quite often practised on extensive poultry-farms, while, on the 

 other hand, the round hovers and other brooders originally adapted for the colony 

 system are often installed in a continuous house. The larger the number of chicks 

 that can be brooded together without doing any injury to one another, the less will 

 be the cost. It is very doubtful if 1,000 to 1,500 chicks can be brooded together witl 

 entire satisfaction to the majority of breeders. 



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