part ffourtb 

 THE ARMY OF THE HALF-EMPLOYED 



"Your fate I believe to be certain, though it is deferred by a 

 physical cause. As long as you have a boundless extent of fertile 

 and unoccupied laud, your laboring population will be far more 

 at ease than the laboring population of the Old World. But the 

 time will come when New England will be as thickly populated as 

 the Old World. Wages will be as low and will fluctuate as much 

 with you as with us. You will have your Birminghams and 

 Manchesters, and in these Birminghams and Mauchesters hundreds 

 of thousands of artisans will assuredly be sometime out of work. 

 Then your institutions will fairly be brought to the test." LORD 

 MACAULA.Y to an American friend. 



