THE CONQUEST OF ARID AMERICA 



be equally imperative. The small capitalists and pro- 

 ducers must choose between organizing themselves and 

 being crushed by the organizations of other men. 



Recurring to the matter of co-operative colonization, 

 we see that colonies cannot be made without capital ; 

 that capital cannot be had without security and divi- 

 dends ; that security and dividends cannot be assured 

 without able and experienced management ; that able 

 and experienced management cannot be obtained with- 

 out absolute authority in all essential matters, at least 

 while the farms, industries, and institutions are in the 

 formative stage and working upon borrowed means. 

 Thus the conclusion is forced upon us, alike by world- 

 wide experience in colonization effort, by economic con- 

 ditions of the time, and by the consideration of the de- 

 mands which capital will justly make before lending 

 itself to such enterprises, that the road to independence 

 for surplus people on surplus lands lies first through the 

 field of discipline, obedience, and submission to the au- 

 thority of some form of administration. 



What should this form of administration be ? In Hol- 

 land and Germany we have seen the power exercised by 

 the government, and in Utah by the church. In the 

 colonial days of the Atlantic coast it was exercised by 

 civil government closely dominated by the church and, 

 even more extensively, by chartered companies formed 

 for the purpose of colonization and development. Where 

 colonies have succeeded without guidance from govern- 

 ment, church, or chartered companies, the result has 

 been due to the ascendency of extraordinary men, and, 

 more rarely, to the character, spirit, and temperament 

 of the people them .-! v .>. These latter instances furnish 



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