63 



will gang up against us. So from a political point of view, 

 we have to be seen as doing something for a lot of different 

 places at once, even though we aren't doing very much." 



I didn't really understand that political problem very 

 well, but it certainly seemed pretty convincing to me. The 

 result was that the SCARPS developed much more slowly than 

 we had hoped that they would. What saved the whole 

 situation, as I said, was the drilling of the private tube 

 wells . 



Sharp: That they were getting going on their own. 



Revelle: That the farmers were getting going. For the very good 



reason that they could use the water and it was under their 

 control. 



Sharp: 

 Revelle: 



I think that the main thing that we did, in reality, 

 as opposed to reputation or talk, was our insistence that 

 this could be a garden of Eden, that this was a tremendous 

 agricultural resource and could be developed in a very 

 profitable way, very useful for the people of Pakistan. 



That it might really help them. 



Tremendously, yes. They had not had the confidence to do 

 that really, before. 



The Indus Waters Treaty 



Revelle: We might just say a word about the Indus Waters Treaty. I 

 started to, and then I stopped. These five rivers of the 

 Punjab all arose in Indian territory, and the Indians said 

 they wanted to divert them to East Punjab. That would have 

 been a real cause of war, an inevitable cause of war, since 

 their lives depended on the water. 



Hostilities had built up for several years until the 

 World Bank stepped in and said, "By the right engineering 

 designs, we can divide the water and both countries could 

 get enough water." 



What they did was to agree that the three western 

 rivers, the Indus, the Jhelum, and the Chenab, should go to 

 Pakistan. The three eastern rivers, the Ravi, Sutlej, and 

 Beas should go to India. They would build huge link canals, 

 as they called them, between the western rivers and the 

 eastern doabs — these were even bigger than the canals they 

 built before — carrying the water across the country 

 instead of down the country. Part of that would be to build 

 a big dam on the Jhelum, the Mangle Dam, to store water for 

 the wintertime. The Pakistanis also wanted to build the 

 Tarbela Dam, but that never really got into the plan. 



Sharp: The money to build all these — ? 



Revelle: Came from the consortium, the Aid to Pakistan Consortium, of 

 which all the work was in Pakistan. India contributed to 

 this too because they got all the benefit, or a lot of the 



