MUSCULAR SYSTEM OF MAMMALIA. 35 



1 1 , q, is inserted by the intervention of a strong tendon into 

 the side of the first phalanx of the functional toe. The second 

 muscle, placed between the above and the preceding muscle, 

 furnishes a similar tendon, which, after passing in front of the 

 carpus, becomes united at an acute angle with that of the former, 

 the two co-operating with each other in extending the foot. The 

 tendon of the ' abductor longus pollicis ' is implanted into the 

 internal surface of the base of the metacarpal, so that it thus 

 becomes an extensor of the foot : it is the ( oblique extensor of 

 the cannon ' in Hippotomy. The ' flexor digitorum sublimis 

 perforatus ' and the ' flexor profundus perforans ' arise in com- 

 mon from the internal protuberance of the os humeri, and the 

 two are confounded together for a considerable distance, when 

 the two muscles separate to form two distinct tendons ; of these, 

 that belonging to the flexor sublimis, fig. 12, I, m, runs beneath 

 the annular ligaments of the carpus, to be inserted into the base 

 of the proximal phalanx, previously dividing to give passage to 

 the tendon of the profundus, i, on its way to be implanted into 

 the last phalanx. 



The following are the principal ligaments of the fore-limb, 

 fig. 13 ; a, the ' post-scapular,' c, the ' prescapular,' which extend 

 the base of attachment of scapular muscles ; b, the ligamentous 

 band strengthening the fore part of the capsule of the shoulder-, 

 joint ; k, similar ligaments strengthening the capsule of the 

 elbow-joint; e, e, internal lateral ligaments of the successive 

 joints ; d, ' pisiform ' ligament ; c, ligament from the inner 

 splint-bone (metacarpal n) to the sesamoid behind the metacarpo- 

 phalangial joint ; o, ( outer cartilage of the hoof; ' p, inner cartilage 

 of the hoof. 



Muscles of the hind-limb. The ectogluteus is a comparatively 

 slender muscle, deriving its principal origin from the sacral 

 fascia, but also reinforced by a long slender fasciculus, which 

 descends immediately from the upper portion of the ilium. Its 

 insertion is into the third trochanter and external rough surface 

 at the upper part of the thigh bone, and also by strong tendinous 

 aponeuroses into the fascia lata. 



The ' mesogluteus, ? fig. 11, v, is the principal muscle in this 

 region ; it arises extensively from the sacro-iliac aponeurosis, and 

 from the external surface of the ilium ; it is implanted into the 

 outer surface of the great trochanter, and is prolonged, by means 

 of a strong posterior fasciculus, toward the lower extremity of 

 the femur. 



The other muscles inserted into the great trochanter — namely, 



D 2 



