MUSCULAR SYSTEM OF MAMMALIA. 



41 



In the Indian Rhinoceros the panniculus carnosus is more 

 discontinuous than in other Perissodactyles, but where it exists 

 is of unusual thickness. One sheet at the side of the thorax 

 sends its fascia into 



the interstice of the 17 



dermal fold in front 

 of the fore limbs. A 

 similar portion be- 

 hind is inserted into 

 the posterior fold of 

 the skin, suggesting 

 that such permanent 

 folds served the pur- 

 pose of affording a 

 firmer insertion to 

 the aponeuroses of the 

 cutaneous muscles 

 than a plane surface 

 could have done. Two 

 sheets of panniculus 

 rise, broad and thick, 

 one on each side of 

 the anterior part of 

 the abdomen from 

 the superficial fascia, 

 and, passing back- 

 ward, terminate in 

 aponeuroses covering 

 knee-joint. As the 

 patellae are higher 

 than the line of the 

 abdomen, in the erect 

 position of the animal, the preceding muscles afford additional 

 support to that bulky part, some of the weight thus being trans- 

 ferred to the hind-legs, which, reciprocally, are by these muscles 

 drawn forward in locomotion. 1 



§ 198. Muscles of Artiodactyla. — In the Ruminant division 

 of the Artiodactyle Ungulates the ' panniculus carnosus ' is 

 better developed than in the non-ruminant group, e. g. the hog 

 and the hippopotamus. The fixed points from which, in the 

 ox, the well-developed sheets of dermal carneous fibres act on 

 the skin are the scapula, mandible, ilium, pubis, and patella : a 



1 v\ p. 36. 



Dissection of the digit forming tbe Horse's foot, in 



