MUSCULAR SYSTEM OF MAMMALIA. 49 



becomes condensed into a pair of cords which receive accessions 

 from the cervical spines, by which the ligaments seem bound down 

 so as to follow the curve of the neck : the insertions are into the 

 superoccipital. Posteriorly a continuation of the ligament may be 

 traced spreading out and losing itself in the base of the single 

 hump of the Dromedary, and as far back as that of the hind hump 

 in the Camel. 1 



The relative size and insertions (a cervical, b nuchal) of the 

 ligamentum nuchre of the Elephant are shown in fig. 22. Much 

 of the same kind of yellow elastic tissue is combined with the 

 aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles in the Elephant, Rhino- 

 ceros, 2 and Giraffe, in reference to the capacity and heavy con- 

 tents of parts of the alimentary canal. 



Ligamentum nuch», Elephant. 



§ 199. Muscles of Carnivora. — The commencement of certain 

 facial muscles that reach their full developement in Man may 

 be discerned in the IJnguiculates. Small detached sheets of 

 muscular fibre, i cervico-facial ' or ' platysma myoides,' are attached 

 to the skin at the side of the neck, spread upon the lateral inte- 

 guments of the face, and, in the Cat, show a special arrangement 

 or developement by affording a muscular capsule to the bulb of 

 each long hair of the whiskers, upon the chin, lips, cheeks, and 

 eyebrows, to which they give the impressive movements of those 

 sensitive parts. Both the ( occipital ' and ' frontal ' parts of the 

 human ' occipito-frontalis ' are also present in the Cat 



The muscles of the jaws in Carnivora are chiefly remarkable 

 for the large proportional size of the ' temporalis,' with which 

 the ( masseter,' by the more vertical disposition of its fibres than 

 in Herbivora, combines in the act of forcibly closing the mouth. 

 The ( pterygoidei ' are small and not very distinct from each 



1 vi. 2 v . p. 36. 



VOL. III. E 



