MUSCULAR SYSTEM OF MAMMA LI A. S7 



character of being part of the system of the ' flexor profundus' 

 in the Gorilla. 



The relations of the tendons of the superficial and deep 

 flexors to each other and to the digits are much alike in 

 Man and Ape, but the tendons are relatively broader, and 

 their restraining and strengthening sheaths and bands stronger 

 in the Gorilla; those formed by the oblique decussating liga- 

 mentous fasciculi, as in the mid-finger of fig. 23, are more 

 distinctly shown in Man than in the Ape. The muscles acting 

 on the metacarpal and first phalanx of the pollex — fig. 24, 22, 

 ' abductor,' ib. 24, flexor brevis, ib. 25, adductor — are longer 

 and more slender in the Gorilla. The abductor in Man is shown 

 at fig. 23, 17. In the Gorilla the ' abductor minimi digiti ' is shown 

 at fig. 24, 10; the 'flexor brevis' a* 11; the tendon of the flexor 

 profundus at 13; that of the 'flexor sublimis'at 6'. Two of 

 the * lumbricales ' are shown at 14 and 28, and one of the 

 interossei at 27, fig. 24. The carneous part of the common 

 extensor of the fingers is continued to the wrist in the Gorilla ; 

 three strong tendons go to the second, third, and fourth digits, and 

 a fourth, less strong, to the fifth digit. This digit also receives 

 the tendon of an extensor minimi digiti, and the index a small ten- 

 don of an ' indicator ' which is more completely blended with that 

 of the ordinary extensor, besides being more feeble, than in Man. 

 The extensors of the metacarpal, first and last phalanges of the 

 pollex, are present in the GoriJla, but of smaller size than in 

 Man. 



In the Gorilla the portion of the biceps cruris derived from the 

 ischiadic tuberosity, and inserted, fig. 25, 4, into the outer part 

 of the head of the tibia, is more distinct than in Man from that, 

 ib. 5, derived from the femoral linea aspera and inserted into the 

 head of the fibula, and which expands, 5', upon the cnemial fascia. 

 The external gastrocnemius, fig. 25, 7, continues longer distinct 

 from the internal, and both present longer but narrower and 

 thinner carneous portions than in Man. The soleus, ib. 8, arises 

 exclusively from the fibula and is much narrower than in Man, 

 where it also derives fibres from the oblique line of the tibia and 

 from the middle third of its internal border. The margins of the 

 tendon of the soleus first unite with those of the gastrocnemius, 

 the middle part continues distinct to near the calcaneum. The 

 plantaris has not been met with in the Gorilla. The peroneus 

 longus, fig. 25, 9, has a longer carneous and shorter but thicker 

 tendinous part in the Gorilla than in Man: the course and 

 insertion of the tendons are the same. The peroneus brevis, 



