244 



ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 



189 



Left oar, auricle, or ' pinna 

 Human, xcviu". 



190 









convex upward : the membrano-cartilaginous continuation,/), o, h, 

 describes a stronger curve, concave upward, and this expands 

 into the concha, c, of the ' pinna,' auricle, or 

 external ear. Of this it will be only requi- 

 site to indicate the parts which have received 

 names in anthropotomy, since extended to 

 anatomy generally. The fold or reflected 

 outer margin, fig. 189, a — e, is the 'helix;' 

 the subparallel eminence within, h, k, is the 

 ' anthelix : ' it is formed by the junction, at 

 h, of the ' upper ridge,' f, and the lower ridge, 

 </, intercepting the ' navicular fossa,' o. The 

 prominence, m, which might be viewed as the 

 lower end of the anthelix, is called ' antitragus,' 

 being opposite the projection called ' tragus,' /, 

 which more directly defends the entry, r, to the meatus : q is the 

 ' conch ' proper, or cavity of the concha : finally is the appendage 



called < lobule,' n. With the 

 exception of the latter, all the 

 other parts of the auricle are 

 more or less formed by cartilage, 

 figs. 191, 192, in which, be- 

 sides the prominences already 

 named, there may be observed 

 the fissure, e, between the 

 tragus and the beginning of 

 the meatal cartilage. The skin 

 covering the cartilage of the 

 ear adheres intimately to its 

 sculptured surface, less so to its 

 back and circumference : the 

 lower part of the hem-like fold 

 of the helix is formed entirely 

 by it ; also the lobule, as has 

 been already said. The skin 

 of the auricle contains a num- 

 ber of sebaceous follicles, par- 

 ticularly in the concha and 

 around the entrance of the au- 

 ditory passage. Toward this 

 the channels and inequalities of the ear tend ultimately to convey 

 the vibrations of sound. 



But pale and feeble representatives of the auricular muscles 



/! 





Auricular cartilage from behind; and extrinsic 

 muscles, x.wm". 



