ALIMENTARY CANAL OF QUADRUMANA. 429 



stomach, resembling that in the common Shrew. In fig. 325, the 

 cavity has been inverted, showing the rugae and the glandular 

 character of the gastric membrane at the pyloric end. The differ- 

 ence in the diameters of the oesophagus and duo- 



325 



denum are also shown. In the Noctule a small 

 part of the right end of the stomach projects be- 

 yond the pylorus. In Plecotus communis the left 

 end of the stomach becomes somewhat attenuated 

 and bent up. In the Vampires {Desmodus) the stomach inverted of 

 cardiac portion is produced into a long intestini- "Jriw)* 

 form reservoir, 1 in which the blood is stored up, 

 that may have been sucked during a night's adventure, and 

 transported for digestion in the place of repose. In the Ptero- 

 pines the left end of the stomach, fig. 326, is much produced, but 

 in a far less degree, than in Desmodus. It is sometimes found, in 

 the partially distended state, divided into two dilatations: the 

 extreme one smooth ; the other, nearer the cardia, showing rugae 

 longitudinally disposed : the oesophagus in these frugivorous Bats 

 is wide and expands near its termination. To the right of this 

 expansion the stomach is long and narrow, bent upon itself, and 

 produced into a caecal pouch beyond the pylorus, which is 

 extremely small. The intestinal canal is usually devoid of 

 caecum ; but the colon begins 

 with one about a quarter of 

 an inch in length, in Bhi- 

 nopoma Hardwickii and 

 Megaderma spasma. The 

 whole intestine is barely 

 thrice the length of the 

 body in Vesper tilio muri- 



73, •,. Stomach of Pteropus. xxvn 



nus : in a Jrteropus it is 

 nearly seven times that length. The intestinal villi in some Bats 

 are close-set foliaceous processes, and form extremely beautiful 

 microscopic objects when injected. In Rhinolophus the lining 

 membrane presents fine transverse folds. 



The low position of the volant and terrestrial Insectivora, as of 

 Rodents and Marsupials in the Mammalian series, is shown by 

 the loose and simple mode of suspension of the intestinal canal. 



§ 329. Alimentary canal of Quadrumana. — The Galeopitheci 

 indicate their lemurine affinities by their long and large caecum. 

 The oesophagus opens on the cardiac side of the middle of the 



1 A good figure of this modification, first observed by Peters, will be found in 

 cxxxvi". p. 388. 



