434 



ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 



differentiated as such by its glandular tunic and marked com- 

 mencement than in Lemuridoi : the appendix is terminal, but is 

 lono- and convolute in the Orangs (Plthecus) : in the Chimpan- 

 zees (Troglodytes) there is a more marked constriction between 

 the appendix and the caecum. The colon is sacculated and mo- 

 derately long in all Catarhines : it is loosely suspended by a 

 broad mesocolon, and only in tailless apes does the caecum begin 

 to adhere, through an incomplete peritoneal investment, to the 

 right hypogastric region. 



§ 330. Alimentary canal of Bimana. — The chief characters of 

 the canal in this order are the termination of the gullet almost as 



soon as it has entered the ab- 

 332 domen ; the more extensive 



and closer adhesion of parts of 

 the alimentary canal, as the 

 duodenum, caecum, beginning 

 and end of colon, to the abdo- 

 minal walls, which relates to 

 the erect posture ; the more 

 definite and finished character 

 of the several parts of the canal ; 

 and the modification of the 

 lining membrane of the small 

 intestines, called ( valvulae con- 

 niventes, ' for a more com- 

 plete and efficient extraction 

 of nutritious matter from the 

 chyme. 



The stomach presents a 

 greater extent transversely to 

 the abdomen than in Quadru- 

 mana, and the blind left end 

 (' saccus caecus,' Haller) is less 

 extended and expanded than 

 in Monkeys and Lemurs, the 

 oesophagus opening more to 

 the left, and leaving a more 

 extensive c lesser curvature,' 

 fig. 332, c, p. Anthropotomy distinguishes the ( cardiac orifice,' 

 fig. 333, a,g ; the f cardiac pouch ' or ' blind sac,' ib. g, d ; the ' lesser 

 curvature,' ib. a, e,b\ the ' greater curvature,' ib. g, d,f, c,'h ; the 

 * pyloric portion,' ib. e, b, b, c ; and its orifice or c pylorus,' 

 ib. b, b. In a state of moderate distension the length of the 



Stomach and intestina cana of the adult Human 

 subject, cxlviii". 



