ALIMENTARY CANAL OF ARTTODACTYLA. 



469 



to terminate at the orifice of the psalterium. By the contraction 

 of this fasciculus, all communication between the first two cavities 

 and the oesophagus is cut off, and food is conducted into the third 

 cavity. A slighter degree of contraction cuts off the communi- 

 cation with the rumen, and allows the passage of fluids direct into 

 the reticulum or water-bag, which probably takes place when the 

 Camel or Llama drinks. A free communication, however, subsists 

 between the water-bag and paunch. The oblique canal leading 

 to the third cavity, forms, in the Camel, a small sacculus, dis- 

 tinct from, and intervening between, the reticulum and psalte- 

 rium : it is not so distinct in the Llama ; but on a close inspection, 

 the inner membrane nearest the orifice above mentioned may be 

 seen to be produced into ridges, which are arranged in a reti- 

 culate or alveolar form ; and as a similar structure is more dis- 

 tinctly observable in the Camel, this cavity was considered by 

 Daubenton as the homologue of the reticulum, and the water- 

 bag as a peculiar superaddition. The remainder of the stomach, 

 in the foetal Llama, may be seen to form one elongated con- 

 tinuous cavity, bent upon itself at its lower third, without rugas 

 or laminae ; the latter being after- 36 1 



wards developed at the cardiac 

 half of this cavity. The pylorus 

 is a small transverse aperture, 

 protected above by a large oval 

 protuberance. The duodenum is 

 considerably dilated at its com- 

 mencement. 



The cuticular villi are not de- 

 veloped in the paunch at any age 

 or in any species of the Camel- 

 idce ; but the appended pouches, 

 fig. 361, augment in relative size. 

 They are arranged, as in Au- 

 chenia, in two groups — one on 

 the right, the other on the left 

 side ; the former being the larger, and in the adult Dromedary 

 measuring about one foot and a half in length, and six inches in 

 breadth. The cells of each group are disposed in parallel rows, 

 separated from one another by strong muscular bundles, given 

 off from a single large band of fibres which commences at the 

 cardiac extremity of the rumen, and proceeds in a longitudinal 

 direction, dividing the entire cavity into two compartments. 

 The muscular fasciculi are arranged transversely, and give off 



Water-cells from the paunch of the Came 

 cxxn'. 



