ALIMENTARY CANAL OF ARTIODACTYLA. 



475 



straight obtusely terminated part. The caecum of the peccary is 

 similar but less capacious, and more pointed at the end. 



In Ruminants the small intestines, of almost uniform calibre, 

 are suspended in short convolutions upon a broad mesentery, fig. 

 363, a, b. In many species the agminate follicles are lodged, as in 

 Hyrax, in fossae of the mucous membrane, 1 fig. 364. The caecum, 

 fig. 363, c, is of a simple oblong form : a patch of follicles, usually 

 lodged in a pouched recess, 2 is situ- 

 ated near the ileo-caecal orifice. This 

 is surrounded by a circular ridge; 

 the caecum is less dilated in the 

 Vicugna than in the Sheep. In the 

 Giraffe, also, the caecum is a simple 

 cylindrical gut : it is about two feet 

 in length and six inches in circum- 

 ference : it extends downward from 

 where the ileum enters, and its blind 

 end appears on the left side above 

 the pelvis ; but this position might 

 be accidental as its connections are 

 loose. The ileum terminates by a 

 circular tumid lip within the caecum, 3 

 fig. 365, a ; the contiguous glandular 

 cavity is sacculate. The disposition 

 of the colon resembles that of the 

 Deer. The extent of this intestine, 

 before it begins to make the spiral 

 turns, is about eight feet; it becomes narrower where it takes 

 on this characteristic disposition, and the separation of the 

 faeces into pellets begins at the end of this part. The spiral 

 coils are situated to the left of the root of the mesentery, 

 which, with the small intestines, must be turned to the right in 

 order to bring them into view : there are four complete gyrations 

 in one direction, and four reverse coils in the interspaces of the 

 preceding, the gut being bent back upon itself: the length of 

 this part of the intestine when unravelled is about fourteen feet. 

 The spiral coils are not on the same plane, but form a depressed 

 and oblique cone, whose concavity is next the mesentery. The 

 colon, emerging from its coils, passes to the right, behind the root 

 of the mesentery, becomes connected with the duodenum and the 



1 cxlvii". vol. i. 2nd ed. (1852) p. 229, No. 760 a, and No. 760 d {Camelus). 



2 cxlvii". vol. i. p. 220, Nos. 726 c {Vicugna) 726 d (Llama) p. 221. 

 8 xcvif. p. 227. 



Pouched disposition of agminate follicles, 

 Giraffe, xcvn". 



