PANCREAS OF MAMMALIA. 495 



narrow, connected with both epiploon and stomach : the duodenal 

 part follows the curve of the gut. 



In Cetacea the pancreas, like the liver, becomes more compact 

 in form : it is unusually long, flat, rather narrow but thick, with 

 its left end near the spleen, and attached to the first gastric cavity : 

 it crosses the spine at the root of the mesentery, behind the second 

 and third stomachs, to the right, following, or expanding at, the 

 curve of the duodenum, to which it adheres, and sending its duct 

 to join the hepatic near the entry into the dilated part of the 

 duodenum. 



In a half-grown Dugong I found the splenic part of the pan- 

 creas seven inches in length, thick and obtuse at the left, and where 

 its diameter was two inches, and gradually diminishing toward the 

 duodenal part: the duct is wide, and terminates on the same 

 prominence with the bile-duct, and at a greater distance from the 

 pylorus than in Cetacea. The pancreas of the elephant shows 

 more of the rodent than of the ungulate type of the gland. It 

 consists of several masses not very closely connected with each 

 other, from which separate ducts are given off, which unite into 

 two conduits: one of these pours the secretion into the upper 

 compartment of the biliary pouch, fig. 366, where it is mixed up 

 with the bile therein contained preparatory to its introduction 

 into the intestine, while the other opens into the duodenum about 

 two inches lower down. In the Rhinoceros the transverse or 

 splenic part of the pancreas is the largest, in length nearly two 

 feet: the duodenal part, about half that length, extended at a 

 right angle, chiefly backward (sacrad) expanding within the pro- 

 cess of the peritoneum, connecting the duodenum to the enormous 

 caecum. The duct of the splenic portion entered the duodenal 

 fossa common to it and the hepatic duct ; the duct of the smaller 

 portion terminated about two inches from the other, but at the 

 same distance from the pylorus. The pancreas in the Hyaena and 

 Tapir resembles that in the Rhinoceros ; nor is there any material 

 modification in the Horse : the descending duodenal portion is 

 relatively broader, and lies over the right kidney. In the Hog 

 the duodenal part is narrower, but longer: the splenic part is 

 broad and bifurcate, sending downward, or sacrad, a process as far 

 as the left emulgent vein. In Ruminants the divisions of the 

 broad and flat pancreas are less defined : the descending process 

 comes off rather from the duodenal side of the gland. In the 

 Giraffe the duodenum receives the combined biliary and pancreatic 

 secretions about ten inches from the pylorus. 



The pancreas in Camivora is long and narrow, but continues 



